Frações: o conhecimento dos professores e sua contribuição para o ensino de frações para alunos da quarta série nas escolas chilenas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22458/ie.v25i38.4549Palavras-chave:
professor de escola primária, ensino de matemática, aprendizagem, educação, matemáticaResumo
As frações são uma matéria matemática complexa, difícil de aprender e de ensinar. Estudos anteriores sugerem que o aprendizado dos alunos pode ser limitado pela compreensão das frações por parte dos professores. O objetivo deste estudo é examinar até que ponto o conhecimento dos professores em associação com o status socioeconômico, o conhecimento prévio dos alunos e o nível de alfabetização matemática alcançado nas escolas contribui para o sucesso do aprendizado dos alunos em frações. Usando uma metodologia quantitativa, os instrumentos de estudo são testes estruturados com perguntas fechadas aplicadas a 714 alunos da quarta série e 23 professores de 23 escolas chilenas. Os dados são analisados utilizando modelos multiníveis. Os resultados mostram que 76% da variabilidade observada na conceituação das frações poderia ser atribuída a variáveis de nível estudantil, enquanto os 24% restantes poderiam ser atribuídos a variáveis de nível escolar. A variação entre as escolas é explicada em 26% pelo conhecimento dos professores e 8% pelo status sócio-econômico. Isto significa que o conhecimento do professor, sozinho ou em combinação com outros fatores, explica cerca de 6% da variação total no progresso dos alunos, com significância de 5%. O nível de conhecimento matemático observado nas escolas não é significativo. Em conclusão, o presente estudo relata que o conhecimento dos professores contribui para a realização do aprendizado dos alunos, além do efeito do status sócio-econômico.
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