Bioacumulación de metales pesados en los riñones de peces escamosos y no escamosos de la Laguna Epe, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22458/urj.v11i2.2307Palabras clave:
peces, metales pesados, Laguna Epe, factor de bioconcentración, riñónResumen
Introducción: La contaminación por metales pesados de los ecosistemas acuáticos ha sido una gran preocupación en todo el mundo durante muchas décadas y ha causado efectos devastadores en los organismos acuáticos. Objetivo: Evaluar los niveles de Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb y Cd en los riñones de peces escamosos (T. zillii, M. rume y R. ocellatus) y no escamosos (C. gariepinus, Ch. Nigrodigitatus y S. filamentosus) en la Laguna Epe, Nigeria, para comprender el potencial de bioacumulación del riñón en relación con otros órganos en peces que se han descrito anteriormente en la literatura. Métodos: Estudiamos las concentraciones de cobre (Cu), hierro (Fe), zinc (Zn), cadmio (Cd) y plomo (Pb) en los riñones de 141 peces escamosos (M. rume, R. occellatus, T. zillii) y 134 peces no escamosos (C. gariepinus, S. filamentosus, Ch. nigrodigitatus) y muestras de agua obtenidas de la Laguna Epe utilizando métodos estándar de espectrometría de absorción atómica. Resultados: Los riñones de R. ocellatus tuvieron los niveles más altos de Fe (2,92±0,10) y Cd (0,18±0,03), mientras que el de Ch. nigrodigitatus (2,78±0,02) y T. zillii (0,31±0,02) tuvieron la concentración más baja de Fe y Cd, respectivamente. T. zillii y M. rume acumularon Cu y Zn en sus riñones, respectivamente, más que los otros. No hubo diferencias significativas (p<0,05) en las concentraciones medias de metales traza entre los peces escamosos y no escamosos. Las concentraciones de metales en las muestras de peces estaban por debajo de los límites máximos permisibles por la FEPA y la OMS para peces comestibles. El oxígeno disuelto (9,0±0,02) y la alcalinidad total (24,0±0,01) estaban por encima de los valores de FEPA (oxígeno disuelto: 3,0-5,0mg/L y la alcalinidad total: 3,05-5, 3mg/L). La clasificación de la distribución de metales pesados en el cuerpo de agua fue Cu (4,70)> Fe (0,72)> Zn (0,13)> Pb (0,007)> Cd (0,006). El factor de bioconcentración de Zn fue generalmente alto en todas las especies. Conclusión: El monitoreo cercano de estos metales en los peces y la laguna es importante para garantizar la seguridad de los consumidores de pescado en el área.
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