Cultivo en efluentes urbanos del alga Scenedesmus quadricauda (Sphaeropleales: Scenedesmaceae) y su potencial para biodiesel: perfil de ésteres metílicos de ácidos grasos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22458/urj.v6i2.626Keywords:
biodiesel, microalgae, Scenedesmus quadricauda, urban effluents, fatty acid methyl esters.Abstract
Microalgae stand as biodiesel feedstock for high productivity and good quality of lipids. This paper presents the fatty acid methyl ester profile of Scenedesmus quadricauda. The culture was grown in Trelew city sewage, Patagonia, Argentina, in 20L at 23±1ºC, 12:12 photoperiod, fluorescent lighting tubes at 33μE m-2s-1 and agitation by air bubbling. Percentage of fatty acid methyl esters was 7,89%, it was determined by Lepage method. The profile was obtained by gas chromatography. Methyl linolenate (C18: 3) and polyunsaturated (≥4 double bonds) ester fractions were 15,06% and 0,83% respectively. The unsaturation index (0,84) was estimated and some biodiesel parameters were calculated through it: kinematic viscosity (4,68mm s -2), iodine value (75,15), cetane number (57,28), cloud point (8,78°C), specific gravity (0,88) and higher heating value (40,01MJ/kg). Linolenic acid ester fraction is above the limit value of EN 14214:2003 (<12%). However, one can modify unsaturation in this strain by varying the temperature. It is also possible to increase the lipid proportion by maintaining the culture at low nitrogen concentration by venting NH3 to increase pH during photosynthesis.References
Al-Zuhair, S. (2007). Production of biodiesel: possibilities and challenges. Biofuels. Bioproducts. Biorefineries, 1, 57-66.
Amaro, H. M., Guedes, A. C., & Malcata, F. (2011). Advances and perspectives in using microalgae to produce biodiesel. Applied Energy, 88, 3402–3410.
APHA, AWWA, WPCF. (1992). Métodos Normalizados para el análisis de aguas potables y residuals. Madrid, España: Ediciones Díaz de Santos.
ASTM D6751. (2012). Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels. Recuperado de http://www.astm.org/Standards/D6751.htm.
Brennan, L., & Owende, P. (2010). Biofuels from microalgae – a review of technologies for production, processing, and extractions of biofuels and co-products. Renew and Sustainable energy Reviews, 14, 557–577.
Chisti, Y. (2007). Biodiesel from microalgae. Biotechnology Advances, 25, 294–306.
Chuck, C. J., Bannister, C. D., Hawley, J. G., Davidson, M. G., La Bruna, I., & Paine, A. (2009). Predictive model to assess the molecular structure of biodiesel fuel. Energy and Fuels, 23(4), 2290–2294.
Department of Energy. DOE. (2010). Energy Biomass Program. National algal biofuels technology roadmap. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable U.S. Recuperado de http://www.map.ren21.net
Do Nascimento, M., Ortiz-Marquez, J. C. F., Sanchez-Rizza, L., Echarte, M., & Curatti, L. (2012). Bioprospecting for fast growing and biomass characterization of oleaginous microalgae from South–Eastern Buenos Aires, Argentina. Bioresource Technology, 125, 283–290.
EN 14214. (2003). Automotive Fuels, Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) for DieselEngines, Requirements and Test Methods. Recuperado de http://www.aascarburants.com/assets/files/pdf/Biodiesel-EN14214.pdf
Fernando, S., & Hanna, M. (2004). Development of a Novel Biofuel Blend Using Ethanol-Biodiesel-Diesel Microemulsions: EB-Diesel. Energy & Fuels, 18, 1695-1703.
González, A., & Kafarov, V. (2009). Producción de biocombustibles de tercera generación: extracción de aceite de microalgas para la producción de biodiesel. En Memorias del IV Simposio de Química Aplicada. Colombia: SIQUIA.
Griffiths M. J., & Harrison, S. T. L. (2009). Lipid productivity as a key characteristic for choosing algal species for biodiesel production. Journal of Applied Phycology, 21(5), 493–507.
Hempel, N., Petrick , I., & Behrendt, F. (2012). Biomass productivity and productivity of fatty acids and amino acids of microalgae strains as key characteristics of suitability for biodiesel production. Journal of Applied Phycology, 24(6), 1407-1418.
Hoekman, S. K., Broch, A., Robbins, C., Ceniceros, E., & Natarajan, M. (2012). Review of biodiesel composition, properties, and specifications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16, 143– 169.
Hu, Q., Sommerfeld, M., Jarvis, E., Ghirardi, M., Posewitz, M., Seibert, M., & Darzins, A. (2008). Microalgal triacylglycerols as feedstocks for biofuel production: perspectives and advances. The Plant Journal, 54, 621–639.
Imahara, H., Minami, E., & Saka, S. (2006). Thermodynamic study on cloud point of biodiesel with its fatty acid composition. Fuel, 85(12–13), 1666–1670.
ISO/CD 3961 ISO TC 34/SC 11 N 11/WG. (2011). Animal and vegetable fats and oils. Determination of iodine value. Recuperado de http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards_development/list_of_iso_technical_committees/iso_technical_committee.htm?commid=47936
Knothe, G. (2005). Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acid alkyl esters. Fuel Process Technology, 86, 1059-1070.
Knothe, G. (2006). Analyzing Biodiesel: Standards and Other Methods. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 83, (10), 823-833.
Knothe, G. (2008). “Designer” Biodiesel: Optimizing Fatty Ester Composition to Improve Fuel Properties. Energy & Fuels, 22, 1358–1364.
Lepage, G., & Roy, C. (1986). Direct transesterification of all classes of lipids in a one-step reaction. Journal of Lipids Research. Notes on Methodology, 27, 114-120.
Lee, J., Yoo, C., Jun, S., Ahn, C., & Oh, H. (2010). Comparison of several methods for effective lipid extraction from microalgae. Bioresource Technology, 101, S75–S77.
Liu, B., & Zhao, Z. (2007). Biodiesel production by direct methanolysis of oleaginous microbial biomass. Journal Chem. Technology Biotechnology, 82, 775-780.
Lospennato, M., Sequeira, A., Beligni, M. V., & Chamorro; E. (2012). Nannochloropsis oculata: Evaluación de métodos de extracción de triglicéridos saponificables para la apropiación industrial. En II Jornadas de Investigación en Ingeniería del NEA y Países Limítrofes. Resistencia: Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Resistencia.
Mata, T. M., Martins, A. A., & Caetano, N. S. (2010). Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, 217–232.
Meher, L. C., Vidya, S. D., & Naik, S. N. (2006). Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification: a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 10, 248–268.
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). (2009). Biodiesel handling and use guide –fourth edition. (Report NREL/TP-540-43672). Recuperado de: http://www.biodiesel.org/docs/using-hotline/nrel-handling-and-use.pdf?sfvrsn=4
Oswald, W. J. (1988). Micro-Algae and waste-water treatment. En Borowitzka, M. A., & Borowitzka, L. J. (Eds.), Micro-algal Biotechnology (305-328). Cambridge: University press.
Ramos, M. J., Fernández, C. M., Casas, A., Rodríguez, L., & Pérez, A. (2009). Influence of fatty acid composition of raw materials on biodiesel properties. Bioresource Technology, 100, 261–268.
Rawat, I., Ranjith Kumar, R., Mutanda, T., & Bux, F. (2013). Biodiesel from microalgae: a critical evaluation from laboratory to large scale production. Applied Energy, 103, 444–467.
Salomón, R., Albarracín, I., Cravero, M., Parra, A., Quintero, R., García, D., & Obholz, D. (2012). Depuración de efluentes cloacales de la ciudad de Trelew, Chubut, Argentina con la microalga Scenedesmus quadricauda en 30 litros. En Rodríguez, M.E. (Ed.), IV Congreso Internacional de Gestión y Tratamiento Integral del Agua (196-204). Córdoba: Fundación ProDTI.
Secretaría de Energía SE 1283/2006. (2006). Las especificaciones que deberán cumplir los combustibles que se comercialicen para consumo en el Territorio Nacional, (Official Journal No. 30.991, 15 September 2006). Recuperado de http://www.dieselnet.com/standards/ar/fuel.php
Sheehan, J., Dunahay, T., Benemann, J., Roessler, P., & Weissman, J. C. (1998). A look back to the US Department of Energy’s Aquatic Species Program – biodiesel from algae. (Report NREL/TP-580-24190) Golden CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Recuperado de www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/fy98/24190.pdf
Singh, J., & Gu, S. (2010). Commercialization potential of microalgae for biofuels production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, 2596–2610.
Vasudevan, P. T., & Briggs, M. (2008). Biodiesel production – current state of the art and challenges. Journal Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnology, 35, 421-430.
Xin, L., Hong-ying, H., & Yu-ping, Z. (2011). Growth and lipid accumulation properties of a freshwater microalga Scenedesmus sp. under different cultivation temperature. Bioresource Technology, 102, 3098–3102.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Note: This abstract contains an incorrect copyright due to technical issues. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal
All journal contents are freely available through a CC BY 4.0 license.
CC BY 4.0 is a Creative Commons: you can copy, modify, distribute, and perform, even for commercial reasons, without asking permission, if you give appropriate credit.
Contents can be reproduced if the source and copyright are acknowledged according to the Open Access license CC BY 4.0. Self-storage in preprint servers and repositories is allowed for all versions. We encourage authors to publish raw data and data logs in public repositories and to include the links with all drafts so that reviewers and readers can consult them at any time.
The journal is financed by public funds via Universidad Estatal a Distancia and editorial independence and ethical compliance are guaranteed by the Board of Editors, UNED. We do not publish paid ads or receive funds from companies.