Orchid conservation in a private preserve at Palmares, Costa Rica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22458/urj.v8i2.1566Keywords:
Orchidaceae, orchids, Madre Verde Private Preserve, altitudinal range, Lepanthes guardiana, Lepanthes minutissimaAbstract
Madre Verde Private Preserve, located in Palmares (Alajuela, Costa Rica) protects a forest relict surrounded by pastures, bushes and abandoned agriculture grounds. An inventory was conducted in this preserve to determine the orchid species diversity, prepare orchid illustration materials, analyze geographic distribution and factors affecting identified species conservation, and collect spirit and dry herbarium specimens. High quality photos from all 109 observed orchid species in 46 genera were prepared. Genera with greater species numbers are Epidendrum and Maxillaria s.l. (both with 12 spp.). Most species (86%) are epiphytic and eight species are endemic to Costa Rica. Months with most species flowering were February, April, May, August and November during the study year 2011-2012. Geographical and altitudinal ranges from two data bases (CRBIO and IABIN) and the Costa Rica’s Plant Manual were compared to the results of the present study, so we could broaden knowledge on these data for several species: 14 species were found in the preserve at higher elevations than in previous locations. Moreover, other five species were found at lower elevations than herbarium and data base records. Nine of the species observed were previously not collected in the whole Alajuela province. The most striking result was the finding of bothLepanthes guardiana and L. minutissima, which where illustrated and collected before this study only ca. 1867, there were no ecological or precised collection data, the only illustration of the former and specimens of the latter were in Vienna Herbarium (W) and no one could heretofore find them again in Costa Rica or elsewhere. We demonstrate that even small private preserves in very disturbed areas can protect small and rare orchids and many other plant species. We recommend continuing investigation on local floras and trying to reproduce endangered species from critical landscapes, in order to avoid local or total extinction. Instruction for preserve visitors and surrounding humans populations are under the activities that can guarantee species survival in the study area.
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