Heavy metal bio-accumulation in the kidneys of scaly and non-scaly fishes from Epe Lagoon, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22458/urj.v11i2.2307Keywords:
fishes, heavy metals, Epe Lagoon, bioconcentration factor, kidney.Abstract
Introduction: Heavy metal contamination of aquatic ecosystems has been a serious concern throughout the world for many decades, and has caused devastating effects on aquatic organisms. Objective: To evaluate the levels of Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb and Cd in the kidneys of scaly (T. zillii, M. rume and R. ocellatus) and non-scaly (C. gariepinus, Ch. nigrodigitatus and S. filamentosus) fishes in Epe lagoon, Nigeria to understanding the bioaccumulation potential of the kidney relative to other organs in fish that have previously been reported in literature. Methods: We studied concentrations of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the kidneys of 141 scaly fishes (Mo. rume, R. occellatus, T. zillii) and 134 non-scaly fishes (C. gariepinus, S.filamentosus, Ch. nigrodigitatus) and water samples obtained from Epe Lagoon using Standard Atomic Absorption Spectrometry methods. Results: The kidneys of R. ocellatus had the highest levels of Fe (2,92±0,10) and Cd (0,18±0,03), while that of Ch. nigrodigitatus (2,78±0,02) and T. zillii (0,31±0,02) had the lowest concentration of Fe and Cd respectively. T. zillii and M. rume accumulated Cu and Zn in their kidneys respectively more than the others. There was no significant difference (p<0,05) in mean trace metal concentrations among the scaly and non-scaly fishes. The concentrations of metals in fish specimens were below the FEPA and WHO prescribed maximum allowable limits in food fish. Dissolved oxygen (9,0±0,02) and total alkalinity (24,0±0,01) were above FEPA values (dissolved oxygen: 3,0-5,0mg/L and total alkalinity: 3,05-5,3mg/L). The ranking of heavy metals distribution in the water body was Cu (4,70)>Fe (0,72)>Zn (0,13)>Pb (0,007)>Cd (0,006). Bioconcentration factor of Zn was generally high in all species. Conclusion: Close monitoring of these metals in the fishes and the lagoon is important to ensure the safety of fish consumers in the area.
References
Adefemi, S.O., Asaolu, S. S., & Olaofe, O. (2008). Determination of Heavy Metals in Tilapia mossambicuis Fish, Associated Water and Sediment from Ureje Dam in South-Western Nigeria. Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2(2), 151-155. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-007-9780-5
Adeniyi, A. A., & Yusuf, K. A. (2007). Determination of heavy metals in fish tissues, water and bottom sediments from Epe and Badagry lagoons, Lagos, Nigeria. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 37,451-458
Adeniyi, A. A., Yusuf, K. A., & Okedeyi, O. O. (2008). Assessment of the exposure of two fish species to metals pollution in the Ogun river catchments, Ketu, Lagos, Nigeria. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 137, 451-458. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-007-9780-5
Adeosun, F. I., Omoniyi, I. T., Akegbejo-Samsons, Y., & Olujimi, O. O. (2010). Heavy metal contamination of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus and Lates niloticus in Ikere Gorge, Oyo state, Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(39), 6578-6581.
Agbozu, I.E., Ekweozor,I.K.E. & Opuene, K. (2007). Survey of heavy metals in the catfish (Synodontis clarias). International Journals of Environmental Science and Technology, 4(1), 93-97.
Alam, M. G., Allinson, G., Stagnitti, F., Tanaka, A., & Westbrooke, M., (2002). Arsenic contamination in Bangladesh groundwater: a major environmental and social disaster. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 12, 235–253.
Akan, J. C., Abdul Rahman, F. I., Sodipo, O. A., & Akan, D. U. (2009). Bioaccumulation of some heavy metals of six fresh water fishes caught from Lake Chad in Doron Buhari, Maiduguri, Borno, State, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences in Environmental Sanitation, 4(2), 103-114.
Akueshi, E. U., Oriegie, E., Ocheakiti, N., & Okunsebor. S. (2003). Levels of some heavy metals in fish from mining lake on the Jos Plateaus, Nigeria. African Journal of Natural Science, 6, 82-86
Akinsanya, B., & Otubanjo, O. A. (2006). Helminth Parasite of Clarias gariepinus (Clariidae) in Lekki Lagoon, Lagos. Revista de Biología Tropical, 54, 93-99.
Ali, A., Ahmadou, D., Mohamadou, B. A., Saidou, C., & Tenin, D. (2010). Determination ofminerals and heavy metals in water, sediments and three fis species (Tilapianilotica, Silurus glanis and Arius parkii)from Lagdo lake, Cameroun. Journal of Fisheries International, 5(3), 54-57. DOI: 10.3923/jfish.2010.54.57
Aweke, K., & Taddese W. (2004), Distribution of trace elements in muscle and organs of Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, from lakes Awassa and Ziway, Ethiopia; Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 18(2), 119-130.
Ba, D. (1988). Analyse des contaminants chez les organismes marins d'importance commerciale dans les eaux côtières du Sénégal. Report presented to Second Workshop of participants in the Joint FAO/IOC/WHO/IAEA/UNEP Project on pollution in the marine environment of the west and central African region (WACAF/2-First Phase), Accra, Ghana. Paris, France: IOC of Unesco.
Barbier, O., Jacquillet, G., Tauc, M., Cougnon, M., & Poujeol, P. (2005). Effect of heavy metals on, and handling by, the kidney. Nephron Physiology, 99, 105–110
Bawa, L. M., Djaneye-Boundjou, G., Boyode, B. P., & Assih, B. T. (2007). Water quality evaluation from Lomé’s lagoon: Effects on Heavy metal contamination on fishes. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 11(4), 33-36.
Benedict, C.O.O. Oladapo, A.A., & Emmanuel, A. A. (1991). Heavy metals in Lagos Lagoon sediment. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 37(1&2), 35-41.
Bernard, L., Maron P. A., Mougel C., Nowak V., Lévêque J., Marol, C., … Ranjard, L. (2009). Contamination of Soil by Copper Affects the Dynamics, Diversity, and Activity of Soil Bacterial Communities Involved in Wheat Decomposition and Carbon Storage. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 75(23), 7565-7569, DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00616-09
Biney, C., Amuzu, A. T., Calamari, D., Kaba, N., Mbome, I. L., Naeve, H. C. F., … West, W. Q. B. (1994). Review of heavy metals in the African aquatic environment. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 28, 134-159, DOI: 10.1006/eesa.1994.1041
Carine, N. H., & M. R. Lawrence (1977). Normal and therapeutic nutrition (5th ed.). New York, USA: MacMillan Publishers.
Chatterjee, A., Jurgenson, C. T., Schroeder, F. C., Ealick, S. E., & Begley, T. P. (2006). Thiamin biosynthesis in eukaryotes: characterization of the enzyme-bound product of thiazole synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its implications in thiazole biosynthesis. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 128, 7158-7159. DOI: 10.1021/ja061413o
Dimari, G. A., Abdulkarim, F. I., Akan, J. C., & Garba, S.T. (2008). Metal concentrations in Tissues of Tilapia galier, Clarias lazera, and Osteoglosidae caught from Alau Dam, Maiduguri, Borno State. Nigeria. American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 4(4), 473-379.
El Nabawi, A., Heinzow, B., & Kruse, H. (1987). As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg and Zn in fish from the Alexandria Region, Egypt. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 39, 889-97. DOI: 10.1007/BF01855871
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organziation). (1989). Evaluation of certain food additives and the contaminants mercury, lead and cadmium. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization Technical Report Series.
Farmakin, E. G., & Thomaidis, N. S. (2008). Current Status of the Metal Pollution of the Environment of Greece - A Review. Global Nest Journal, 10(3), 366-375.
Farombi, E. O., Adelowo, O. A., & Ajimoko, Y. R. (2007). Biomarkers of oxidative stress and heavy metal levels as indicators of environmental pollution in African Cat fish (Clarias gariepinus) from Nigeria Ogun River. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 4(2), 158-165. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph2007040011
FEPA. (Federal Environmental Protection Agency). (2003). Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution Control in Nigeria. Nigeria: FEPA.
Gilbert, J. J., (1994). Susceptibility of planktonic rotifers to a toxic strain of Anabaena flos-aquae. Limnology and Oceanography, 39, 1286-1297. DOI: 10.4319/lo.1994.39.6.1286
Goering, P. L., Waalkes, M. P., & Klassen, C. D. (1994). Toxicology of cadmium. In R. A. Goyer & M. G. Cherian (Eds.), Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology: Toxicology of Metals, Biochemical Effects (pp.115, 189-214). Springer-Verlag: New York.
Ibrahim, S., & Sa’id, H. (2010). Heavy metals load in tilapia species: a case study of Jakara river and Kusalla dam, Kano state, Nigeria. Bayero Journal of Pure & Applied. Science, 3. DOI: 10.4314/bajopas.v3i1.58721
Jimoh, S. O., & Haruna, E. A. (2007). Contribution of non-timber forest products to house food security and income around Onigambari forest reserve, Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Extension, 6, 28-33. DOI: 10.4314/jext.v6i1.2758
Jimoh, L. A., Adebayo, M. A. B., & Amood, I. A. (2005) Evaluation of the body burdens of heavy metals in five commercially important fishes from different locations in Kainji Lake. In 19th Annual Conference of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON, pp. 702-709), Ilorin, Nigeria.
Kalay, M., Ay, O., & Canli, M. (1999). Heavy metal concentrations in fish tissues from the northeast Mediterranean Sea. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 63, 673-681, DOI: 10.1007/s001289901033.
Kishe, M. A., & Machiwa, J. F. (2003). Distribution of heavy metals in sediments of Mwanza Gulf of Lake Victoria, Tanzania. Environment International, 28, 619-625. DOI: 10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00099-5
Koller, K., Brown. T., Spurgeon, A., & Levy, L. (2004). Recent developments in low-level lead exposure and intellectual impairment in children. Environmental Health Perspectives, 112, 987-994. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.6941
Labonne, M., Ben Othman, D., & Luck, J.-M. (2001). Pb isotopes in mussels as tracers of metal sources and water movements in a lagoon (Thau Basin, S. France). Chemical Geology 181(1–4), 181-191. DOI: 10.1016/
Lagler, K. F., Bardach, J. E., Miller, R. R., & May Passino, D. R. (1977). Ichthyology (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Lawani, S. A., & Alawode, J. A. (1996). Concentrations of lead and mercury in River Niger and its fish at Jebba. Bioscience Research Communication, 8(1), 47-49
Mbome, I. L. (1988). Heavy metals in marine organisms from Limbe and Douala. Report presented to Second Workshop of participants in the Joint FAO/IOC/WHO/IAEA/UNEP Project on pollution in the marine environment of the West and Central African Region (WACAF/2-First Phase), Accra, Ghana, 13–17 June 1988. IOC of UNESCO, Paris, France.
Metongo, B. S. (1988). Metaux lourds dans les organismes marins - Côte d'Ivoire. Report presented to Second Workshop of participants in the Joint FAO/IOC/WHO/IAEA/UNEP Project on pollution in the marine environment of the west and central African region (WACAF/2-First Phase), Accra, Ghana, 13-17 June 1988. Paris, France: IOC of Unesco.
Monday, U. E., & Nsikak, U. B. (2007). Cadmium, copper, lead and zinc tissue levels in Bonga shad (Ethmalosa Fimbriata) and Tilapia (Tilapia guineensis) caught from Imo River, Nigeria. American Journal of Food Technology, 2(1), 48-54. DOI: 10.3923/ajft.2007.48.54
More, T. G., Rajput, R. A., & Bandela, N. N. (2003). Impact of heavy metals on DNA contents in the whole body ffreshwater bivalve, Lamellidens marginalis. Polluton Research 22(4), 605-611
Nduka, J. K., Orisakwe, O. E., & Okerulu, I. O. (2010). Heavy Metal Levels in Muscles of Some Fish Species from Aladja River; Warri, Nigeria: A Public Health Concern. Advances Environmental Biology, 4(5), 125-130.
Nnaji, J., Uzairu, A., Harrison, G. F. S., & Balarabe, M. L. (2007). Evaluation of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and zinc concentrations in the fish head/viscera of Oreochromis niloticus and Synodontis schall of River Galma, Zaria, Nigeria. Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 6(10), 2420-2426.
Numako, C., & Nakai, I. (1995). Studies of some precipitation and coloration reaction used in analytical chemistry. Physica B. Condensed Matter, 208, 387-388, DOI: 10.1016/0921-4526(94)00706-2
Nwani, C. D., Lakra, W. S., Nagpure, N. S., Kumar, R., Kushwaha, B., & Srivastava, S. K. (2010). Mutagenic and genotoxic effects of carbosulfan in freshwater fish (Bloch) using micronucleus assay and alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(1), 202-208, DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.09.041
Mansour, S. A., & Sidky, M. M. (2002). Ecological studies 3: Heavy metals contaminating water and fish from Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Food Chemistry 78(1), 15–22. DOI: 10.1016/s0308-8146(01)00197-2
Nauen, C. E. (1983). Compilation of legal limits for hazardous substances in fish and fishery products. FAO Fisheries Circular. 764. Rome, Italy: FAO.
Okoye, B. C. O. (1991). Heavy metals and organisms in the Lagos Lagoon. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 37, 285-292, DOI: 10.1080/00207239108710641
Olowu, R. A., Ayejuyo, O. O., Adewuyi, G. O., Adejoro, I. A., Denloye, A. A. B., Babatunde, A. O., & Ogundajo, A. L. (2010). Determination of Heavy Metals in Fish Tissues, Water and Sediment from Epe and Badagry. E-Journal of Chemistry, 7(1), 215-221. DOI: 10.1155/2010/676434
Omoregie, E., Okoronkwo, M. O., Eziashi, A. C., & Zoakah, A. I. (2002). Metal concentrations in water column, benthic macroinvertebrates and tilapia from Delimi River, Nigeria. Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 17(1), 55-59, DOI: 10.4314/jas.v17i1.19911
Ovuru, S. S., & Alfred-Ockiya, J. F. (2001). Occurrences of trace metals in Penaeus natialis (Decapoda: Penaedae) from Brass river. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 7(4), 637-640. DOI: 10.4314/gjpas.v7i4.16301
Owolabi, O. D. (2008). The dietary habits of the upside-down catfish, Synodontis membranaceus (Osteichthyes: Mochokidae) in Jebba Lake, Nigeria. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 56(2), 931-936.
Sarnowski, P. (2003). The effect of metals on yolk sac resorption and growth of starved and fed common carp (Cyprinus carpio) larvae. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Piscaria, 2, 227-236.
Sharpe, P. T. (2001). Fish scale development: Hair today, teeth and scales yesterday? Current Biology, 11(18), R751-R752, DOI: 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00438-9
Strause, E. L., & Saetman, P. (2000). Trace mineral interactions. Department of Biology, University of California at San Diego.
Tay, C., Asmah, R., & Biney, C. A. (2008). Trace metal concentrations in commercially important fishes from some coastal and inland waters in Ghana. West African Journal of Applied Ecology, 13(1), 27-38. DOI: 10.4314/wajae.v13i1.40579
Tsuchiya, T., Yamada, K., Minoura, K., Miyamoto, K., Usami, Y., Kobayashi, T., & Tsujibo, H. (2008). Purification and determination of the chemical structure of the tyrosinase inhibitor produced by Trichoderma viride strain H1-7 from a marine environment. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 31(8), 1618-1620 DOI:10.1248/bpb.31.1618
Ubalua, A. O., Chijioke, U. C., & Ezeronye, O. U. (2007). Determination and assessment of heavy metal content in fish and shellfish in Aba River, Abia State, Nigeria. KMITL Science and Technology Journal, 7(1), 16-23
Vinodhini, R., & Narayanan, M. (2008). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in organs of fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio (Common carp). International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 5(2), 179-182. DOI: 10.1007/BF03326011
WHO (World Health Organization). (1989). Heavy metals-environmental aspects. Environment Health Criteria No. 85. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
WHO. (World Health Organization). (1997). Guidelines for drinking-water quality (Vol. 2), Health criteria and other supporting information (2nd ed.). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
WHO. (World Health Organization). (2008). Essential environmental health standards in health care. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
Zevenhoven, R., & Kilpinen, P. (2001). Control of Pollutants in Flue Gases and Fuel Gases. Espoo, Finland: Helsinki University of Technology.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Note: This abstract contains an incorrect copyright due to technical issues. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal
All journal contents are freely available through a CC BY 4.0 license.
CC BY 4.0 is a Creative Commons: you can copy, modify, distribute, and perform, even for commercial reasons, without asking permission, if you give appropriate credit.
Contents can be reproduced if the source and copyright are acknowledged according to the Open Access license CC BY 4.0. Self-storage in preprint servers and repositories is allowed for all versions. We encourage authors to publish raw data and data logs in public repositories and to include the links with all drafts so that reviewers and readers can consult them at any time.
The journal is financed by public funds via Universidad Estatal a Distancia and editorial independence and ethical compliance are guaranteed by the Board of Editors, UNED. We do not publish paid ads or receive funds from companies.