Fundamentación ética del deber sobre el acceso abierto a fuentes de información científica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22458/re.v23i47.5136Palabras clave:
Comunicación científica, Bioética, Cooperación científica, Ciencia abierta, Datos abiertosResumen
El trabajo científico genera fuentes de información mediante muestras, datos, resultados o escritura de códigos como software.Este artículo aborda, éticamente, el imperativo de que todas las partes involucradas en la investigación científica compartan las fuentes de información de manera oportuna, en consideración de la bioética del deber. Se analizó la literatura recuperada en Web of Science mediante las palabras de búsqueda ética del deber sobre el acceso abierto a fuentes de información científica, hasta julio de 2022. El intercambio o la disponibilidad de información permite un mayor avance para la ciencia; sin embargo, aún no se practica en todas sus áreas. Se deben considerar las perspectivas éticas de las personas investigadoras, así como la multidisciplinariedad de la investigación en las decisiones sobre el intercambio de información para que estas estén disponibles para la comunidad científica. Aun cuando se apliquen criterios normativos del deber, como el deber positivo, referido a que los datos estén disponibles de forma activa, o el deber negativo, que implica abstenerse de evitar que otros lo hagan, se deben considerar principios éticos en la práctica científica, como el principio de comunidad que sugiere que los datos no pertenecen a una persona investigadora individual ni a un grupo de personas investigadoras, sino que deberían ser accesibles para todos las personas investigadoras y la comunidad científica, así como el principio de desinterés, que indica que las personas científicas no deben perseguir su propio interés a expensas de los intereses de la comunidad científica. Se concluye que, cada vez más, se está generalizando la conciencia del deber de compartir información mediante datos o códigos en acceso abierto, información científica de acceso libre. La filosofía de promover una mayor apertura de acceso abierto a fuentes de información disponible tiene mayor aceptación generalizada en la comunidad científica.
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