Milk Urea Nitrogen relationship with reproductive and productive parameters in Holstein, Jersey and their crosses
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22458/urj.v8i2.1558Keywords:
Milk Urea Nitrogen, breed, calving interval, open days, lactation period, milk productionAbstract
Milk Urea Nitrogen (MUN) concentration of 554 Holstein cows, 474 Jersey cows and 454 HxJ crossed cows were determined and related to the days of lactation, daily milk production, days open and calving interval. A milk sample of 100 ml was taken and analyzed by an enzyme urease kit. The Jersey breed exceeded Holstein in 2.49 and HxJ in 3.82 mg/dl. No differences in the MUN content were determined as the days of milk production. Animals with daily production below 40 liters of milk had a MUN 1.84 mg/dl lower than animals with production over 40 liters (18.17 mg/dl). MUN value did not vary according to open days, however, animals with over 360 days in interval calving showed a MUN average of 16.91 mg/dl, which exceeds 1 mg/dl animals presenting values below 360 days interval calving. Holstein and Jersey cows are more likely to have a higher MUN than HxJ crosses. It is necessary to increase the analysis of data from production systems with different management and feeding methods to generate a diagnostic tool that can be applied in dairy production systems in Costa Rica.References
Aylward, B., Mejias, R. & Allen, K. (1999). Análisis financiero y económico de la ganadería en la cuenca del Rio Chiquito, Arenal, Costa Rica. Agronomía Costarricense. 23(2), 125-136.
Broderick, G. (2003). Effects of varying dietary protein and energy levels on the production of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 86, 1370–1381.
Broderick, G. & Reynal, S. (2009). Effect of source of rumen-degraded protein on production and ruminal metabolism in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci, 92, 2822-2834.
Butler, R. (2005). Relationships of dietary protein and fertility. Advances in dairy technology, 17, 1184-0684.
Butler, W., Calaman, J. & Beam, S. (1996). Plasma and milk urea nitrogen in relation to pregnancy rate in lactating dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 858-865.
Chaveiro, A., Andrade, M., Borba, A. & Moreira da Silva, F. (2011). Association between plasma and milk urea on the insemination day and pregnancy rate in early lactation dairy cows. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 1(4), 221-225.
Germino, P., Medina, L. & Rubio, R. (2010). Efecto de los valores de urea en leche y su relación con proteína en leche y producción individual media sobre la fertilidad de un rodeo lechero. Tesis de licenciatura. Universidad Nacional del Centro de Buenos Aires. Argentina. 46 p.
Guo, K., Russek-Cohen, E., Varner, M. & Kohn, R. (2004). Effects of milk urea nitrogen and other factors on probability of conception of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 87, 1878–1885.
Hammond, A. (1998). Use of BUN and MUN as guides for protein and energy supplementation in cattle. Revista Corpoica, 2, 0122-8706.
Hammond, A. (1992). Use of blood urea nitrogen concentration to guide protein supplementation in cattlw. In 3rd Annual Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium. University of Florida, Gainesville, Fl. Pp 9-18.
Hojman, D., Kroll, O, Adin, G., Gips, M., Hanochi, B. & Ezra, E. (2004). Relationships between milk urea and production, nutrition and fertility traits in Israeli dairy herds. J. Dairy Sci., 87, 1001-1011.
Ishler, V. (2008). Interpretation of milk urea nitrogen values. Das 2008-134. college of agricultural sciences cooperative extension. Penn State. USA. 3p.
Johnson, R. & Young, A. (2003). The association between milk urea nitrogen and dhi production variables in western commercial dairy herds. Journal of Dairy Science, 86, 3008–3015.
Jonker, J., Kohn, R. & Erdman, R. (1999). Milk urea nitrogen target concentrations for lactating dairy cows fed. Journal of Dairy Science, 82, 1261–1273.
Jonker, J., Kohn, R. & Erdman, R. (1998). Using milk urea nitrogen to predict nitrogen excretion and utilization efficiency in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 8, 2681–2692.
Jorritsma, R., Wensing, T., Kruip, T., Vos, P. & Noordhuizen, J. (2003). Metabolic changes in early lactation and impaired reproductive performance in dairy cows. Review. Vet. Res., 34, 11-26.
Kohn, R., Kalscheur, K. & Russek-Cohen, E. (2002). Evaluation of models to estimate urinary nitrogen and expected milk urea nitrogen. Journal of Dairy Science, 85, 227–233.
Larson, S., Butler, W. & Currie, W. (1997). Reduced fertility associated with low progesterone postbreeding and increased milk urea nitrogen in lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 80, 1288–1295.
Mitchell, R., Rogers, G., Dechow, C., Vallimont, J., Cooper, J., Sander-Nielsun, U. & Clay, J. 2005. Milk urea nitrogen in lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci., 80, 1288-1295.
National Research Council (NRC). (2001). Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 7 rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Sci., Washington, DC. 382 p.
Nousiainen, J., Shingfield, K. & Huhtanen, P. (2004). Evaluation of milk urea nitrogen as a diagnostic of protein feeding. Journal of Dairy Science, 87, 386–398.
Řehák, D., Rajmon, R., Kubessová, M., Štipková, M., Volek, J. & Jílek, F. (2009). Relationships between milk urea and production and fertility traits in Holstein dairy herds in the Czech Republic. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 54(5), 193–200.
Rojas, A. & Palavicini, G. (1996). Suplementación con grasa protegida a vacas de alta producción en pastoreo. Agronomía Costarricense, 20(1), 81-85.
Ruska, D. & Jonkus, D. (2012). Milk urea content as indicator feed protein utilization and environmental pollution in farms. Annual 18th International scientific conference. Research for rural development, 1, 85-90.
Sánchez, J. & Soto, H. (1999). Contenido de energía estimada para el crecimiento del ganado bovino, en los forrajes del trópico húmedo de costa rica. Agronomía Costarricense, 23(2), 173-178.
SAS 2003. SAS 9.1.3. for Windows. Service Pack 4. Win_Pro plataforma. Copyright® 2002-2003 Cary NC.
Sinclair, K., Kuran, M., Gebbie, F., Webb, R. & Mcevoy, T. (2000). Nitrogen metabolism and fertility in cattle: II Development of oocyterecovered from heifers offered diets differing in their rat of nitrogen release in the rumen. J. Anim. Sci., 78, 2670-2680.
Stoop, W., Bovenhuis, H. & Van Arendonk, J. (2007). Genetic parameters for milk urea nitrogen in relation to milk production traits. J. Dairy Sci, 90, 1981-1986.
Szumilas, M. (2010). Explaining Odds Ratios. J.Can. Acad. Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 19(3), 227-229.
WingChing-Jones, R., Pérez, R. & Salazar, E. (2008). Condiciones ambientales y producción de leche de un hato de ganado jersey en el trópico húmedo, el caso del módulo lechero-SDA/UCR. Agronomía Costarricense, 32(1), 87-94.
Wood G., Boettcher, P., Jamrozik, J., Jansen, G. & Kelton, D. (2003). Estimation of genetic parameters for concentrations of milk urea nitrogen. J. Dairy Sci., 86, 2462-2469.
Young, A. (2001). Milk urea nitrogen test (MUN). All Archived Publications. USU Extension - Archived Publications, Paper 35, 1-3.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Note: This abstract contains an incorrect copyright due to technical issues. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal
All journal contents are freely available through a CC BY 4.0 license.
CC BY 4.0 is a Creative Commons: you can copy, modify, distribute, and perform, even for commercial reasons, without asking permission, if you give appropriate credit.
Contents can be reproduced if the source and copyright are acknowledged according to the Open Access license CC BY 4.0. Self-storage in preprint servers and repositories is allowed for all versions. We encourage authors to publish raw data and data logs in public repositories and to include the links with all drafts so that reviewers and readers can consult them at any time.
The journal is financed by public funds via Universidad Estatal a Distancia and editorial independence and ethical compliance are guaranteed by the Board of Editors, UNED. We do not publish paid ads or receive funds from companies.