Brechas de género en estudiantes de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica y recomendaciones para su disminución
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22458/urj.v4i2.13Abstract
Las mujeres acceden, cada vez en mayor número, a la Educación Superior; en la Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica (UNED) alcanzan el 60% de la población estudiantil. Sin embargo, mayor matrícula no necesariamente equivale a mayores y mejores oportunidades. Es por ello, que se analizan las diferencias existentes entre mujeres y hombres estudiantes de la UNED en las oportunidades de estudio y el acceso a los servicios institucionales. Para ello se aplicó un cuestionario al estudiantado en los meses de julio a setiembre del 2010, el cual permitió reconocer algunas de sus condiciones de estudio, conocimientos y estereotipos de género. Se presentan evidencias sobre las brechas, convertidas en acciones discriminatorias, que impiden el acceso igualitario y equitativo a las oportunidades de educación en la población estudiantil; tales como, la elección de carrera, la asistencia a las tutorías, la dedicación horaria al estudio, las jornadas de trabajo remunerado y no remunerado y la existencia de personas que dependen emocional y económicamente del estudiantado. También se muestran resultados sobre las percepciones acerca de los roles tradicionales de género en la sociedad. Se discute sobre la necesidad de formular una política institucional de igualdad y equidad de género y su respectivo plan de acción dirigido hacia la eliminación de las brechas identificadas, por medio de una estrategia de transversalización de la perspectiva de género en las actividades fundamentales de docencia, investigación, extensión y gestión universitaria.
ABSTRACT
Student gender gaps in the Costa Rican Distance Education University
and recommendations to reduce them. Women access Higher
Education, every day in greater numbers. In the Universidad Estatal
a Distancia de Costa Rica (UNED), women are 60% of the student
population, but enrollment does not necessarily mean more and better
opportunities. Because of that, a study was done between July and
September 2010 with a questionnaire applied to a random sample of
167 UNED students. We analyzed differences in studying opportunities
and access to institutional services between male and female students,
in order to recognize some of the students ́ conditions on areas like
study, knowledge and gender stereotypes. There are gaps that block
equitable and equal access to education opportunities on the student
population, including career choice, tutoring assistance, study time,
working time (paid and unpaid) and the existence of emotionally and
financially dependent people. There is a clear need for an institutional
policy for gender equity and equality, and a subsequent plan of action
leading towards the elimination of the identified gaps through gender
mainstreaming on fundamental activities like teaching, research,
extension and university management.
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