Guideliness
In order to facilitate the preparation of articles by authors, we provide a series of examples for correct citation according to the Chicago-Deusto style manual, using the author-date system. These examples include the way references should appear in the text and how the corresponding bibliography should be prepared for the most common types of documents and communications.
Types of Citations
Short direct quotation: fewer than 40 words, incorporated into the text and enclosed in quotation marks.
Mafessoli (1996, 168) proposes that "the most permanent and visible variety of youth subcultures in the 1970s and 1980s, differentiated by social class membership, has given way to other forms of social gatherings."
Long direct quotation: more than 40 words, presented as a separate block of text, without quotation marks and with double spacing. If it contains additional paragraphs, these should begin with an indentation.
Tourism is one of the most dynamic sectors of the global economy; therefore, its development in the current context is expected to be economically viable, socially compatible, and to cause the least possible damage to the resources of the area where it takes place. This means ensuring that this activity is sustainable. To this end, the development of a system of indicators that allows sustainability to be managed stands out as one of the main options to be considered.
The present study proposes a system of indicators for assessing sustainability in rural tourism areas, specifically applied to destinations in Andalusia (Spain). Based on this system, synthetic indicators are constructed to measure the phenomenon of tourism sustainability and facilitate the interpretation of information by the groups involved in decision-making (Pérez 2009, 40–41).
Reference Examples
| Source | In-text citation | Bibliography |
|---|---|---|
| Books | (Sternberg and Gardner 2003, 4). Sternberg and Gardner (2003, 4) state that... |
Surname, First Name, and First Name Surname. Year. Title of the Work. City: Publisher. Sternberg, Robert, and Paul Gardner. 2003. Creativity, Intelligence and Innovation in Latin America. Boulder, CO: Westview. |
| Book with author and editor or translator | (Fernández Ramírez 1985, 22–23). | Surname, First Name. Year. Title of the Book. Edited or translated by First Name Surname. City: Publisher. Fernández Ramírez, Salvador. 1985. La enseñanza de la matemática. Edited by José Polo. Madrid: Arco. |
| Chapter or article in an edited book | (Barrantes Olsen 2007). According to Barrantes Olsen (2007), colonization had repercussions... |
Surname, First Name. Year. “Title of the Chapter or Article.” In Title of the Book, edited by First Name Surname, pages. City: Publisher. Barrantes Olsen, María. 2007. “El pensamiento liberal y la colonización del occidente.” In Territorio y subjetividades, edited by Armando Rojas Brenes, 100–112. London: Routledge. |
| Journal Article | (Chaves Jiménez and Fernández Fernández 2016). | Surname, First Name, First Name Surname. Year. “Title of the Article.” Journal Name Volume(Number): pages. Chaves Jiménez, Rocío, and Ana Lucía Fernández Fernández. 2016. “Crítica feminista al concepto ‘nini’.” Revista Rupturas 6(2): 163–195. |
| Online Journal Article (DOI) | (Feliu Albadalejo 2011). | Surname, First Name. Year. “Title of the Article.” Journal Name Volume(Number): pages. doi. Feliu Albadalejo, Ángeles. 2011. “La publicidad institucional en la arena parlamentaria española.” Revista Latina de Comunicación Social 66: 454–481. doi:10.4185/RLCS-66-2011-941-454-481. |
| Online Journal Article (URL) | (Feliu Albadalejo 2011). | Surname, First Name. Year. “Title of the Article.” Journal Name Volume(Number): pages. Accessed Date. URL. Feliu Albadalejo, Ángeles. 2011. “La publicidad institucional en la arena parlamentaria española.” Revista Latina de Comunicación Social 66: 454–481. Accessed February 2, 2015. http://www.revistalatinacs.org/11/art/941.html |
| Newspaper Article | (Rogers 2006). Rogers (2006), in his article, states... |
Surname, First Name. Year, month day. “Title of the Article.” Newspaper Name, pages. Rogers, Gerald. 2006, April 5. “El estilo de publicaciones que cambió al mundo.” El Espectador, B4. |
| Thesis/Dissertation | (Díaz González 2012). | Díaz González, Pablo. 2012. “Maquiavelismo y control inhibitorio en niños de transición.” Doctoral dissertation. University of Costa Rica. |
| Conference Presentations | (de la Fuente Lora 2015). | de la Fuente Lora, Gerardo. 2015. “El reto de pensar objetos imposibles.” Conference presentation delivered at the Universidad Estatal a Distancia, October 28. |
| Blog Post | Not usually included in the bibliography but identified in the text. For example: In a post published on his blog Soñar con los pies en la tierra, Luis Paulino Vargas Solís explains the situation generated by Brexit. This is accompanied by a footnote with additional information and the address where the post can be found. | |
| Personal Communication | References to conversations, interviews, emails, text messages, and other personal communications are not included in the bibliography but must be identified in the text. For example: In a telephone conversation with the author on August 9, 2014, the congressman reiterated his position on the new law. These references are usually supplemented by footnotes containing additional information. |
Tips for Maintaining an Ethical Writing Style
- Always acknowledge the contributions of others through proper citation.
- Always identify the source when paraphrasing or summarizing, and when doing so, accurately reproduce the meaning of the source's ideas.
- Ensure a complete understanding of the ideas presented in the source being cited.
- Avoid using previously published work of your own unless strictly necessary and properly referenced.
- Check citations and the bibliography. They must correspond to one another and be prepared according to the format required in the journal's guidelines.
- Use only sources that are relevant and necessary according to the content of the article. Do not intentionally include irrelevant sources.
- Always try to obtain the original document being cited rather than relying on secondary summaries, as these may be biased or inaccurate.
- Authors have an ethical responsibility to report evidence that contradicts their point of view. Likewise, they should identify potential biases both in the sources used and in their own research.
- Only those individuals who have made significant contributions to the submitted article should be listed as responsible authors. Do not include individuals who have not actively participated in preparing the article in order to manipulate perceptions of the manuscript's validity or prestige.
