Actividad insecticida del aceite esencial de orégano, Origanum vulgare (Lamiaceae), contra larvas del gusano de la harina (Tenebrio molitor, Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).

Autores/as

  • José Andrés Rojas-Chacón Universidad Estatal a Distancia, Escuela de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ingeniería Agronómica, 2050 Sabanilla, San José, Costa Rica. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8049-532X
  • Esteban Garita-Brenes Universidad Estatal a Distancia, Escuela de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ingeniería Agronómica, 2050 Sabanilla, San José, Costa Rica. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7198-351X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22458/urj.v18i1.6624

Palabras clave:

plaguicidas botánicos, protección de granos almacenados, bioplaguicidas, formulaciones de origen vegetal, control de plagas, agricultura sostenible

Resumen

RESUMEN. Introducción: Tenebrio molitor es una de las principales plagas de productos almacenados, causa pérdidas económicas y contaminación de granos y productos derivados. Ante las limitaciones de los insecticidas sintéticos, como resistencia, toxicidad residual y contaminación ambiental, los aceites esenciales de plantas aromáticas son alternativas potenciales para el manejo de esta plaga. Objetivo: evaluar los efectos del aceite esencial de Origanum vulgare sobre la mortalidad y supervivencia de larvas de T. molitor en condiciones de laboratorio. Métodos: obtuvimos el aceite esencial de hojas secas de O. vulgare mediante hidrodestilación con un aparato Clevenger. Evaluamos cuatro tratamientos: T1, líquido miscible de extracto puro de orégano; T2, concentrado soluble del residuo del extracto; T3, insecticida comercial a base de Praletrina y d-fenotrina; y T4, control. Aplicamos los tratamientos mediante aspersión sobre larvas mantenidas en bandejas plásticas durante seis días. Registramos diariamente la mortalidad y supervivencia y las analizamos mediante análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y modelos lineales generalizados (GLM) con distribución binomial. Resultados: la mortalidad difirió significativamente entre tratamientos (F = 3,631; p = 0,0451). T3 produjo la mayor mortalidad, cercana al 40%, y la menor supervivencia, con diferencias significativas respecto a los demás tratamientos. T1, T2 y el control presentaron mortalidades inferiores al 10%, sin diferencias significativas entre ellos. Conclusión: las formulaciones de O. vulgare no produjeron una mortalidad deseable en las condiciones evaluadas. Recomendamos probar concentraciones mayores para determinar si dosis más altas pueden alcanzar una actividad insecticida efectiva contra T. molitor.

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Publicado

2026-09-14

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Cómo citar

Actividad insecticida del aceite esencial de orégano, Origanum vulgare (Lamiaceae), contra larvas del gusano de la harina (Tenebrio molitor, Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). (2026). UNED Research Journal, 18(1), e6624. https://doi.org/10.22458/urj.v18i1.6624

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