Multidimensional Aspects of Relations between China and Central America

Abstract

Objective: To analyze, from a descriptive, quantitative, evaluative, and critical perspective, the multidimensional impacts of trade, investment, and cooperation with the People's Republic of China in the Central American countries that maintain diplomatic relations with that country. Importance of the topic: This study responds to China's growing global influence, the expansion of its trade in Latin America, and the regional significance of its ties with Central American countries, where, with the exception of Guatemala and Belize, all maintain diplomatic relations with China. Methodology: Academic, governmental, and institutional sources from both the region and China were used to analyze trade, investment, and cooperation flows, particularly within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative, through comparative analyses of the countries under study. Main findings: The results show that relations with China have generally been positive, although outcomes vary across countries according to their respective national political agendas, allowing the identification of best practices in trade and cooperation, as well as potential public policy lessons. Limitations: The main limitation of the study lies in the recent establishment of diplomatic relations with China in some countries. Main conclusions: Despite these limitations, the study provides lessons for making better use of the opportunities arising from relations with China, incorporates considerations regarding current geopolitical disruptions, and seeks to serve as a reference for future, more in-depth research.