Bases para la mejora genética en Gerbera hybrida
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22458/rc.v23i2.3000Palabras clave:
margarita de Japón, Gerbera hybrida, mejora genética, biología floralResumen
: Gerbera hybrida, conocida popularmente como Margarita de Japón, es una planta ornamental por excelencia que se cultiva en casi todas las regiones del planeta, tanto como planta en maceta, como para ser utilizada como flor de corte. Sus inflorescencias presentan una larga duración poscosecha, siendo muy adecuadas para la confección de arreglos florales. La gerbera moderna es el resultado de la hibridación entre Gerbera jamesonii, Gerbera viridifolia y posiblemente otras especies, por lo que puede ser llamada de diferentes formas tales como: Gerbera jamesonii hybrida, híbridos de Gerbera jamesonii o Gerbera hybrida. Por ser una planta ampliamente cultivada, se han desarrollado en diferentes países diversos programas de mejoramiento genético, pero la mayoría basados en genética clásica sin aplicar el uso de herramientas moleculares. En Cuba, aun no se ha trabajado en el mejoramiento de este cultivo, lo cual sería sumamente importante teniendo en cuenta los problemas que hoy se presentan, como la baja germinación de las semillas. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una descripción de la biología floral de esta especie para apoyar el inicio de un programa de mejora. Además, se realizó un estudio de los antecedentes en la mejora genética a nivel internacional, como son: el cariotipado de la especie, estudios de diversidad genética, heredabilidad, mapeo genético, estudio de genes reguladores, y otros aspectos de la biología reproductiva como los modos de reproducción y los sistemas de autoincompatibilidad.
Citas
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- Chen W.H., Tang C.Y., y Kao, Y.L. (2009). Ploidy doubling by in vitro culture of excised protocorms or protocorms-like bodies in Phalaenopsis species. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult. 98:229–238.
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- Lisiecka A. (1990). Productividad de algunos cultivares y clones de gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii). Comité de Ciencias Agrícolas y Forestales, Polonia. 26 p.
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- Pedraza Santos M. et al. (2001). Crecimiento y nutrición de microplantas de gerbera inoculadas con HMA. Agrociencia. 35(4): 149-158.
- Schopfer, C. R., Nasrallah, M.E. y Nasrallah, J. B. (1999). The male determinant of self-incompatibility in Brassica. Science 266: 1697-1700.
- Singh K.P. y Mandhar S.C. (2004). Performance of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii), cultivars under fan and pad cooled greenhouse environments. J. Appl. Hort. 4(1):56-59.
- Singh B. (2014). Effect of gamma rays on vegetative and flower in parameters of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus Ex Hooker F.) HortFlora Research Spectrum. 3(3): 267-270.
- Souza J. C., Menezes A. C. P., Silva A. F., Paz C. D. y SÁ, P. G. (2005). Artificial hybridization and germination of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) seeds in the semi-arid biome. In Brazilian Congress of Olericulture, 45, Brazilian Congress of floriculture and ornamental plants, 15, Braz. Cong. of tissue culture, 2. Abstracts. Fortaleza: SBH (CD-ROM).
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- Tang, Z.Q., Chen, D.L., Song, Z.J., He, Y.C. y Cai, D.T. (2010). In vitro induction and identification of tetraploid plants of Paulownia tomentosa. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult. 102:213–220.
- Wesley E. Kloos , Carol G., George, y Laurie K. Sorge. (2005). Dark Disk Color in the Flower of Gerbera hybrida is Determined by a Dominant Gene, Dc. Hortscience. 40(7):1992–1994.
- Yu, D., Kotilainen, M., Po, E., Mehto, M., Elomaa, P., Helariutta, Y., Albert, V.A. y Teemu, H. (1999). Identity genes and modified patterns of flower development in gerbera híbrida (Asteraceae). Plant Journal. 17(1): 51-62
- Yuniarto, K., Kurniati, R., Suryawati, y Meilasari, R. (2018). The Phenotypic Performances of Gerbera Local Bali X Rubby Red Hybrids. Journal of Agricultural Science. 2018. 40(1): 8-14.
- Zhu, Z.T., Kang, X.Y. y Zhang, Z.Y. (1998). Studies on selection of natural triploids of Populus tomentosa. Sci Silvae Sinicae 34:22–31.
-Danaee, E., Mostofi, Y. y Moradi, P. (2011). Effect of GA3 and BA on postharvest quality and vase life of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii cv. Good Timing) cut flowers. Horticulture, Environment and Biotechnology 52(2): 140-144.
- Benemann D. P., Pacheco L. W., Barros W. S., Segeren M. I., Bianchi V. J. y Peters J. A. (2014). Estimation of genetic variability of a Gerbera Brazilian collection based on morphological traits and EST-SSR markers. AJCS 8(5):722-729.
- Benemann, D. P., Machado, L. N., Arge, L. W. P., Bianchi V. J., Oliveira A. C., Maia L. C. y Peters J. A. (2013). Identification, characterization and validation of SSR markers from the gerbera EST database. Plant Omics Journal, 5(2), 159-166.
- Borém A. y Miranda G. V. (2005). Melhoramento de Plantas (4th ed.). Viçosa, UFV. 529 p.
- Bremer K. (1994). Asteraceae. Cladistics and Classification. Timber Press. Portland, USA. 752 p.
- Brennan A. C., S. A. Harris. y S. J. Hiscock. (2003). The population genetics of sporophytic self-incompatibility in Senecio squalidus L. (Asteraceae). Avoidance of mating constraints imposed by low Sallele number. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences 358: 1047-1050.
- Broertjes, C. (1990). Mutagen treatment and handling of treated material. Manual on Mutation breeding. Second edition. International Atomic Agency, Tech. Rep. Ser. No 119. Vienna.
- Broun, P. (2005). Transcriptional control of flavonoid biosynthesis, a complex network of conserved regulators involved in multiple aspects of differentiation in Arabidopsis. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 8:272–279.
- Chen W.H., Tang C.Y., y Kao, Y.L. (2009). Ploidy doubling by in vitro culture of excised protocorms or protocorms-like bodies in Phalaenopsis species. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult. 98:229–238.
- Dhooghe E., Van Laere K., Eeckhaut T., Leus L. y Van Huylenbroeck, J. (2011). Mitotic chromosome doubling of plant tissues in vitro. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 104:329–34.
- Falconer D.S. (1981). Introduction to Genetics Statistics (2d ed.). Longman, London. 340 p.
- Filliettaz A. (2007). Genetic improvement of ornamental plants, 69(2). São Paulo.
- Friar, E. A. y Ladoux, L. (2002). Genetic control of self-incompatibility 242 American Journal of Botany [Vol. 93 in Centromadia (Hemizonia) pungens subsp. laevis (Madiinae, Asteraceae). Aliso 21: 1-6.
- Gantait S., Mandal, N., Bhattacharyya, S. y Das, P.K. (2011). Induction and identification of tetraploids using in vitro colchicine treatment of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus cv. Sciella. Plant Cell, Tissue Organ Culture. 106 (3):485-493.
- Gerstel D. U. (1950). Self-incompatibility studies in guayule. Genetics 35: 482–506.
- Ghimiray T. S. y Sarkar I. (2015). Studies on Genetic Variability in Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) International Journal of Bioresource Science Vol 2 Issue 2.
- Gill S.E., Dutky R., Balge W., MacLachlan. y S. Klick. (2003). Producing annual sunflowers as cut flowers. Univ. Md. Coop. Ext. Publ. FS-68
- Han L., Yan B., Zhang T., Jiang Y., Zhang H., Yu, L. y Li, S. (2009). Preliminary studies on polyploidy mutation of cut flower Gerbera jamesonii Bolus. Acta Hortic Sinica 36:605–610.
- Harris E. M. (1995). Inflorescence and floral ontogeny in Asteraceae: a synthesis of historical and current concepts. Botanical Review. 61: 93-278.
- Hasbullah N. A., Lassim M. M., Azis N. A., Daud N. F., Rasad F. M. y Amin M. A. M. (2005). Somatic Embryo Formation in Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. Hook f. in vitro. J. International Conference on Agricultural, Ecological and Medical Sciences (AEMS-2015) April 7-8, Phuket. Thailand.
- Hayden M.J., Tabone T.L., Nguyen T.M., Coventry S., Keiper F.J., Fox R.L., Chalmers K.J., Mather D.E. y Eglinton J.A. (2010). An informative set of SNP markers for molecular characterization of Australian barley germplasm. Crop Plant Sci 61:70 – 83.
- Hiscock, S. J. y Tabah D. A. (2003). The different mechanisms of sporophytic self-incompatibility. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences 358: 1037–1045.
- Imrie, B.C. y Knowles, P. F. (1971). Genetic studies of self-incompatibility in Carthamus flavescens Spreng. Crop Science. 11:6–9.
- Kang X.Y. (2003). Advances in researches on polyploid breeding of forest trees. J Beijing For Univ 25: 70–74.
- Kumari A., Patel, K. S. y Choudhary, M. (2011). Genetic variability studies in Gerbera. Research in Plant Biology. 1(5): 01-04.
- Laitinen A. E., Ainasoja M., Broholm S. K., Teemu, Teeri H. y Elomaa P. (2008). Identification of target genes for a MYB-type anthocyanin regulator in Gerbera hybrid. J.Exp.Bot. 59(13): 3691-3703.
- Lal, S.D., Shah, A., y Seth, J.N. (1985). Phenotypic variability and its some important quantitative characters contributing towards spike weight. Genetic variability in gladiolus Prog. Hort. 17(1):28-30.
- Lisiecka A. (1990). Productividad de algunos cultivares y clones de gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii). Comité de Ciencias Agrícolas y Forestales, Polonia. 26 p.
- Lynch R.I. (1905). Gerbera, with a coloured plate of the new hybrids. Flora & Sylva 3:206-208.
- Pedraza Santos M. et al. (2001). Crecimiento y nutrición de microplantas de gerbera inoculadas con HMA. Agrociencia. 35(4): 149-158.
- Schopfer, C. R., Nasrallah, M.E. y Nasrallah, J. B. (1999). The male determinant of self-incompatibility in Brassica. Science 266: 1697-1700.
- Singh K.P. y Mandhar S.C. (2004). Performance of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii), cultivars under fan and pad cooled greenhouse environments. J. Appl. Hort. 4(1):56-59.
- Singh B. (2014). Effect of gamma rays on vegetative and flower in parameters of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus Ex Hooker F.) HortFlora Research Spectrum. 3(3): 267-270.
- Souza J. C., Menezes A. C. P., Silva A. F., Paz C. D. y SÁ, P. G. (2005). Artificial hybridization and germination of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) seeds in the semi-arid biome. In Brazilian Congress of Olericulture, 45, Brazilian Congress of floriculture and ornamental plants, 15, Braz. Cong. of tissue culture, 2. Abstracts. Fortaleza: SBH (CD-ROM).
- Stephenf, C. y Filippa, B. (2011). Genetic modification in floriculture. Biotechnol. Lett. 33(2): 207-214.
- Tang, Z.Q., Chen, D.L., Song, Z.J., He, Y.C. y Cai, D.T. (2010). In vitro induction and identification of tetraploid plants of Paulownia tomentosa. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult. 102:213–220.
- Wesley E. Kloos , Carol G., George, y Laurie K. Sorge. (2005). Dark Disk Color in the Flower of Gerbera hybrida is Determined by a Dominant Gene, Dc. Hortscience. 40(7):1992–1994.
- Yu, D., Kotilainen, M., Po, E., Mehto, M., Elomaa, P., Helariutta, Y., Albert, V.A. y Teemu, H. (1999). Identity genes and modified patterns of flower development in gerbera híbrida (Asteraceae). Plant Journal. 17(1): 51-62
- Yuniarto, K., Kurniati, R., Suryawati, y Meilasari, R. (2018). The Phenotypic Performances of Gerbera Local Bali X Rubby Red Hybrids. Journal of Agricultural Science. 2018. 40(1): 8-14.
- Zhu, Z.T., Kang, X.Y. y Zhang, Z.Y. (1998). Studies on selection of natural triploids of Populus tomentosa. Sci Silvae Sinicae 34:22–31.
-Danaee, E., Mostofi, Y. y Moradi, P. (2011). Effect of GA3 and BA on postharvest quality and vase life of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii cv. Good Timing) cut flowers. Horticulture, Environment and Biotechnology 52(2): 140-144.
Publicado
2020-12-13
Cómo citar
Carrodeguas-Gonzalez, A., & Zuñiga Orozco, A. (2020). Bases para la mejora genética en Gerbera hybrida. Repertorio Científico, 23(2), 51–62. https://doi.org/10.22458/rc.v23i2.3000
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