"Repertorio Científico", is a research journal, published twice a year (June and December). It belongs to the School of Exact and Natural Sciences (ISSN 1021-6294 printed and ISSN 2215-5651 digital from 2019), of Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED). Accepted contributions are published online continuously as they area vailable. Its objective is the dissemination of academic work and the contributions of science and technology at the service of society. Its thematic coverage includes Exact Sciences, Sustainable Production, Computer Science, Natural Resources, Health sciences and Quality of Life. Its target audience is mainly professionals and students from these areas, however, it allows the public to generate knowledge in various topics of the exact and natural sciences. It is open access and has no cost of sending or processing for those articles which are received for publication process.
Universidad Estatal a Distancia, Costa Rica
La Enseñanza de la física a distancia: Un enfoque experimental con un Laboratorio Remoto Ultraconcurrente de Caída Libre
The article presents the results of using a remote ultra-concurrent (LU) free-fall laboratory as a technological resource for teaching physics in the context of distance education (DE). The design was structured around a teaching sequence aimed at students at the State Distance University (UNED) of Costa Rica. The research adopted a quantitative approach, using a conceptual test as a pretest and posttest, allowing information to be collected to analyze active methodologies such as Hake's gain, Bao & Redish's concentration factor, and Rasch's factor. The results showed improvements in conceptual understanding and student autonomy with the use of LU as an effective and innovative pedagogical tool, especially in institutions under the DE modality.
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Impactos en la agricultura del cambio climático en regiones con clima templado y frío
El cambio climático representa una amenaza creciente para la sostenibilidad de la agricultura, particularmente en regiones con climas templados y fríos, donde los sistemas productivos son altamente sensibles a las alteraciones en las variables climáticas. Este artículo presenta una revisión exhaustiva de literatura científica publicada entre 2006 y 2023, centrada en los principales impactos del cambio climático sobre los suelos agrícolas y los requerimientos hídricos, con especial atención a procesos como la salinización, la erosión, la pérdida de carbono orgánico y la mayor evapotranspiración. Los hallazgos evidencian que el calentamiento global y los cambios en los patrones de precipitación están degradando progresivamente la calidad edáfica, afectando la fertilidad del suelo, la retención de nutrientes y la capacidad de producción agrícola. A nivel hidrológico, se identifica un incremento en la demanda de riego debido a la mayor evapotranspiración y la irregularidad de las lluvias, lo que genera una presión adicional sobre los recursos hídricos, especialmente en sistemas de cultivo de secano. Asimismo, se analiza la redistribución espacial de la aptitud agrícola, con posibles beneficios en zonas nórdicas por la expansión de la temporada de crecimiento, pero también con fuertes limitaciones en regiones mediterráneas y de Europa Central, afectadas por estrés térmico e hídrico. Los efectos varían según el contexto geográfico, con estudios de caso en Europa, América, Asia y África que evidencian tanto pérdidas de productividad como cambios en los usos del suelo. Desde una perspectiva socioeconómica, el artículo destaca la vulnerabilidad de los pequeños y medianos agricultores, quienes enfrentan mayores barreras para adaptarse debido a limitaciones tecnológicas, económicas e institucionales. Se concluye que los impactos del cambio climático sobre la agricultura en estas regiones son multidimensionales y requieren respuestas integrales, que combinen innovación tecnológica, restauración ecológica, políticas públicas inclusivas y participación comunitaria, con el fin de garantizar la seguridad alimentaria y la resiliencia de los sistemas agroproductivos frente a escenarios climáticos futuros.
La maduración de frutos en árboles aislados de Acnistus arborescens (Solanaceae) redirige la dispersión de semillas por aves en un parque urbano costarricense
“Fruit ripening on isolated Acnistus arborescens (Solanaceae) trees redirects seed dispersal by birds in a Costa Rican urban park”. Seed dispersal is a key factor in natural regeneration and occurs in all types of green areas, even those surrounded by urban development, where research on this topic is scarce. Objective: To compare ornithochory in three microsites of an urban park: lawn, forest edge and under isolated Acnistus arborescens trees, considering ecological, phenological and climatic aspects. The methodology adopted was quantitative, with a quasi-experimental design and comparative approach: we carried out two samplings per month for twelve consecutive months, placing twenty seed traps (0.71 m x 0.71 m) in each microsite to quantify dispersion and analyze germination. As a result, we detected more excrement during the rainy season and under isolated trees with ripe fruit. The amount of excreted and free seeds did not differ between seasons or microsites, but accumulated under trees with ripe fruit. Dispersed species richness, diversity, and dominance were higher at the forest edge. Seed abundance was higher under isolated trees. Germination percentage did not differ between treatments. The variable "fruit ripening" showed an effect on the quantity of bird droppings. The variables "phenological stage," "wind," and "fruit ripening" showed an effect on seed dispersal in bird droppings. In conclusion, our research indicates that the density of dispersed droppings and seeds increases with the presence of ripe fruit on isolated trees, and that the diversity of dispersed plant species remains high at the forest edge. The ecological patterns studied are applicable to the ecological restoration of urban ecosystems.
Cambios en el uso de la tierra (1997-2023) en la cuenca del río Siquiares, Alajuela: impactos sobre las áreas de protección
This study analyzes land use changes in the Siquiares River microbasin (Alajuela, Costa Rica) during the period 1997-2023, with special attention to water protection areas. The region has undergone intense landscape transformation, driven by urban and industrial growth, directly affecting the ecological functionality of riparian ecosystems. Through the use of geographic information systems and fieldwork, protection areas around rivers, streams, wells, and springs were identified, considering current national regulations. A comparative analysis of land use between 1997 and 2023 was conducted, revealing a 13% reduction in pastures and crops, and a significant increase in infrastructure (from 4.9% to 24.3%) and forest cover (from 10% to 12.6%). Conflicts of use were detected in the protection zones, such as the presence of infrastructure (14.18%) and pastures (36.74%), which compromise the ecosystem services associated with the quality and availability of water resources. These findings highlight the need for integrated strategies for territorial management, ecological restoration, and the effective implementation of policies such as the National Policy on Protected Areas (2020-2040). It is necessary to strengthen governance, implement nature-based solutions, and prioritize conservation and rehabilitation actions for riparian zones to ensure water sustainability and mitigate the impacts of land-use change in the micro-basin.
Mediación pedagógica mediante una unidad didáctica del tema de prueba de hipótesis sobre la media aritmética
En este trabajo se recopilan diversas dificultades de aprendizaje relacionadas con el tema de pruebas de hipótesis sobre la media aritmética, abordado en el curso de Teoría Estadística de la Universidad Latina de Costa Rica, sede San Pedro, durante el año 2022. Con el fin de apoyar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, se diseñó una unidad didáctica para desarrollar este contenido de manera estructurada y clara. Después de analizar con profesores expertos en el área, un factor común fue la necesidad de realizar una unidad didáctica que permitiera al estudiantado alcanzar un mayor dominio de los elementos involucrados en la aplicación de pruebas de hipótesis. Entre las dificultades de aprendizaje encontradas están la selección del estadístico de prueba a utilizar, cálculo algebraico de dicho estadístico de prueba, procedimiento de cálculo del valor-p, cálculo y ubicación del valor crítico en la representación gráfica, así como la decisión de rechazar o no rechazar la hipótesis nula. Por lo tanto, contar con la unidad didáctica permitió proveer claridad en la teoría con ejercicios complementarios a los que podrán resolver con o sin el uso de la computadora. Se desarrollaron los contenidos de: Prueba de hipótesis, con el procedimiento que se debe seguir en la resolución de problemas de este tipo. La evaluación será parte del proceso, y permitirá monitorear, verificar el avance global y la retroalimentación, se contará con actividades que podrían ser parte de la evaluación sumativa y a la vez podrán comparar resultados con el uso de las TIC, indistintamente de que software se trate, puede ser un software estadístico con licencia como el Minitab o uno libre con la utilización vía web como el software Matt Bognar del Departamento de Estadística y Ciencia Actuarial de la Universidad de IOWA.
Ansiedad Matemática y sus subconstructos en futuros docentes de primaria de la zona sur de Costa Rica
El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue estudiar el nivel de Ansiedad Matemática (AM) de una muestra de estudiantes para maestros de Educación Primaria de la Zona sur de Costa Rica, a partir de la ansiedad a la matemática como disciplina (AD), la resolución de problemas (AP) y los exámenes (AE). Asimismo, se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo respecto a cada pregunta del instrumento y luego se analizó el nivel de AM presente en los sujetos y su relación con las variables independientes consideradas en la investigación y los subconstructos de AD, AP y AE. La muestra estuvo conformada por 238 estudiantes para maestros de Educación Primaria de cinco centros universitarios de la zona sur de Costa Rica. Los resultados informan que la mayoría de estudiantes presentan un nivel medio de AM y en los tres subconstructos, siendo las situaciones de evaluación las que generan mayor ansiedad; y existe Ansiedad Matemática en un porcentaje importante de la muestra. Además, se encontró una correlación positiva entre los tres subconstructos y entre la AM y los mismos, siendo la correlación entre AP y AD y entre AM y AD las más fuertes; también se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los niveles de AM y las variables sexo, rendimiento académico y universidad en la que estudia.
Estrategias de evaluación de los Aprendizajes para promover la inclusión Educativa en estudiantes de la Carrera de Ingeniería Informática
For UNED, the purpose of higher education means academic inclusion as part of the recognition of diversity, creation of accessible environments and equal opportunities, to all sectors of the population. In this sense, for the Systems Development and Systems Technology Chairs, is important to apply inclusion in the evaluation of learning for the 44 students who are enrolled in the Program for Special Educational Needs of the Universidad Estatal a Distancia. The above leads to a planning of the learning evaluation process by the chairs to offer accessibility to this population, with the different evaluation instruments, as well as the virtual campus or LMS, and the programming languages that must be used in the subjects. As a learning strategy, the departments use NVDA software, which is a free and open source screen reader for the Microsoft Windows® Operating System, is used by some students with special needs, for electronic reading of documents, screens and the LMS platform, in addition to applying Universal Learning Design (UDL). This has contributed to the provision of strategies and the promotion of new experiences, as a reference for the different areas that make up the computer engineering degree, promoting the active participation of students, teachers and department managers with the purpose of facilitating quality access in an inclusive and equitable environment
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Zonificación climática y herramientas para la gestión de la infraestructura vial de Costa Rica
The objective of the research was to elaborate a zoning of Costa Rica with the necessary climatic variables for the design of pavement and other related structures, with the purpose of improving the road infrastructure management in general. The methodology analyzed the construction of a climatic zoning, improvements in the models of the country’s climatic variables that have been published and are generally used by professionals in various fields, creation of new models for climatic variables that have a direct impact on road infrastructure management, and the application of these models in the development of tools for road infrastructure management. The results identified 16 zones for management of road infrastructure and 8 flatlands zones, occurring floodings in C, CS, GNG, N, PC, PS, PN, UC, additionally showed as the altitude increases, the reliability of the PG decreases to both slopes (Caribbean and Pacific), and each of the 16 zones has its own water or humidity index. In conclusion, the climate negatively affects the road infrastructure, although it is possible to construct a zoning that integrates climate elements and characteristics; also, this zoning defines zones with a high potential development of the road infrastructure, such as GNG, PN, VG, y PC.
Zonificación de áreas prioritarias en la cuenca del río Reventado, Costa Rica
The province of Cartago, Costa Rica, is a significant horticultural production area of potatoes and onions, has attractive tourist areas and protected areas such as the Irazú Volcano National Park, and has great water potential, including the Reventado River basin. It presents a series of threats to water resources and other environmental problems such as erosion, contamination by agrochemicals, vulnerability in the supply of drinking water and its near exposure to a volcanic eruption. The present study aims to zone the priority areas of the Reventado River basin necessary to organize the territory and rehabilitate the most vulnerable areas to improve land productivity, water resources and development of the communities in the study area. The methodological procedure used biophysical data such as soil erosion, slope, protection zones, land use and land use conflicts. The data were modeled and priority area maps were created using the weighted overlay method, which involves combining the layers of the selected factors according to their weight and priority. The basin registered moderate to low erosion, corresponding to 60.38% of the soil. Then, the area near the Irazú volcano, as well as the Sapper, Retes and Cabeza de Vaca hills, exhibits slopes exceeding 40%. It was detected that, in the middle and lower areas of the basin, numerous buffer zones of rivers and ravines are not maintained in good condition. The greatest use 27.73% of the land is manifested in forest cover. Class A occupies approximately 22.22 km2 in the basin, from the middle to the lower area, formed by areas with urban occupation and agricultural crops. It was determined that 46.50% of the area has an appropriate land use and it was established that the highest percentage of the area is of low priority (about 30.15%), distributed throughout the basin, and is concentrated mainly in the high area near the Prusia sector and in the middle and low areas.
Characterization of canopy gaps of the Tivives mangrove, Costa Rica.
Canopy gaps in mangroves are created because of the death of several standing trees that later fall, and they have circular o elliptical shape. Researchers in this topic suggest that the most likely cause is lightning strikes. The objective of this research was to characterize canopy gaps in the Tivives mangrove by determining their sizes, amount, location and conditions. Google Earth Pro images were used and field trips to some canopy gaps were carried out for characterization. Twenty-four canopy gaps were identified, with sizes between 2,403 and 74 m2, and average of 797 m2. These gaps were distributed all over the mangrove, but away from the canal edges. The characteristics of the canopy gaps in the Tivives mangrove were like those reported for other canopy gaps in mangroves of the world. However, the mangrove area affected by these gaps is among the largest reported.
MODELO ESPACIAL DE DÍAS DE LLUVIA EN COSTA RICA MEDIANTE ANÁLISIS DE VALORES PUNTUALES Y EL USO DE SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA
This investigation with the GIS allowed it to generate a spatial model of days with rain in Costa Rica. An important correlation was determined between days with rain and the average of rain for the year. This model is important for the risk analysis and the building planning process, management of the water resources, agricultural practices, and other applications. As a main achievement, values for that model were assigned to the areas without information in the country.
Unidad didáctica para el aprendizaje de Estadística apoyado con el programa GeoGebra, en estudiantes de décimo año
La modificación de los contenidos en los programas de estudio de matemáticas en Costa Rica exige que los docentes se replanteen la manera en que desarrollan sus clases. Pensando en esta exigencia, se elaboró una Unidad Didáctica para el tema de Estadística, cuyo fin fue reforzar los conocimientos del docente, así como ofrecer, tanto a docentes como a estudiantes, una herramienta informática que facilite el cálculo matemático. La Unidad está basada en el método de resolución de problemas y utiliza el software GeoGebra como herramienta de cálculo y visualización, para algunos temas que se estudian en la Educación Secundaria costarricense en el área de Estadística. En este documento se presentan los resultados de la implementación de esta Unidad Didáctica en un grupo de estudiantes de la sección 11-1 del Colegio El Carmen de Alajuela, en el curso lectivo 2019. La estrategia de resolución de problemas y el empleo de recursos tecnológicos como el software GeoGebra, permitió que los estudiantes no sólo se enfocaran en resolver procesos mecánicos, si no que el estudiante logró interpretar y razonar los contenidos estadísticos, lo cual convierte a la Unidad Didáctica en un efectivo recurso didáctico para desarrollar los contenidos de Estadística de décimo año.
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Requisitos generales y especiales para la precalificación de medicamentos por la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social
Introducción: la precalificación es un procedimiento empleado para la verificación de las condiciones técnicas, administrativas y legales de un bien o de un servicio. Objetivos: enlistar los requerimientos generales para la precalificación de medicamentos ante la seguridad social costarricense e identificar los especiales solicitados para productos biológicos, biotecnológicos y bioequivalentes. Métodos: se revisaron tres reglamentos para la precalificación ante la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, permitiendo determinar los requisitos generales, así como los especiales para efectuar tal proceso para ciertos grupos farmacológicos. Resultados: los requerimientos generales comprenden la certificación del registro sanitario nacional, determinados certificados sobre las disposiciones óptimas de producción, los artes, la fórmula cuali-cuantitativa, las especificaciones de calidad y sus respectivos certificados y métodos de análisis, y las investigaciones de acciones correctivas y acciones preventivas. Los productos biológicos y biotecnológicos necesitan los certificados de análisis de liberación de lotes cuando se trata de hemoderivados o productos que los contengan, la certificación emitida por determinadas autoridades reguladoras e información de seguridad, mientras que para aquellos que requieren demostración de bioequivalencia es indispensable el certificado que demuestre su equivalencia terapéutica y los datos de seguridad. Conclusiones: el cumplimiento de la información indicada por parte de los proveedores es indispensable para el beneficio de la población costarricense.
Identificación de peces (Ictiofauna) del lago del Parque Metropolitano La Sabana realizado en el II Taxatón 2017, San José, Costa Rica
The II Taxathon (inventory and identification of organisms) in La Sabana lagoon conducted an identification inventory of ichthyofauna (fish species), which allowed the expansion of the biodiversity register that inhabits the site. The methodological basis consisted of carrying out a quick one-day inventory through catches with a catch net (drop net) launched from the lake shore from different points. After the catch, the fish were sheltered in an ice chest to record and identify the species and taxonomic family to which they belonged; in the end they were released back into the lagoon. The results achieved the capture of: 3 “Tiger Guapotes” (Parachromis managuensis), 3 “Mojarras” (Cichlidae), 1 “Olomina” (Alfaro cultratus), 1 Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides), 1 Devilfish (Pterygoplichthys sp) and 39 “Tilapias” (Oreochromis sp). Oreochromis sp showed predominance due to the introduction of 200 fry in 2015 and due to the environmental characteristics of the lake as it is a shallow body of water and suitable for both Oreochromis sp and the other cichlids found (Mojarra and Guapote). The Cichlidae family obtained a greater presence than the other families. However, the presence of Micropterus salmoides and Pterygoplichthys sp are an important indicator of the introduction of invasive species to both artificial and natural ecosystems, since these are voracious freshwater fish species that have considerably affected native fish populations. It is recommended to carry out a deeper sampling to identify other types of species, increase the inventory of specimens by species and family. Registry that will provide more information on the current environmental status of La Sabana lagoon
Primer listado de los macroinvertebrados acuáticos presentes en el Parque Metropolitano La Sabana, San José, Costa Rica
During the taxathon carried out in November 2017 at the La Sabana Metropolitan Park, a list of aquatic macroinvertebrates was made, using the taxonomic classification system. Several segments of the lagoon perimeter were sampled using a D-type net and hand strainer (both with 0.5 mm mesh pore), as well as a handnet. All possible microhabitats were reviewed, including hard land banks, muddy banks, grassy banks, cement edges, areas with aquatic plants, vegetation roots, silty bottoms, under rocks or logs, and on the surface of the water. Several of the identified taxa are described. A total of twelve orders were found in the first sampling, distributed in six taxonomic classes of aquatic macroinvertebrates; on the other hand, for the second sampling a total of twelve orders were found, distributed in eight taxonomic classes of macroinvertebrates. The lagoon has a lentic habitat condition, that is, it does not have a circulation process except the effect of the breeze on the surface. This causes their oxygenation conditions to be minimal. Although the diversity found, so far, does not represent a public health hazard, it is necessary to adopt measures to recover said habitat to improve it and the environment.
Diversidad del orden Odonata del Parque Central La Sabana, San José, Costa Rica
The Odonata order is made up of insects with totally aquatic habits in their larval state, in their adult state, they are recognized by their large compound eyes, short, barely visible antennae and two pairs of membranous wings. La Sabana is an important cultural and recreational area, which covers an area of 72 hectares in the center of San José. As part of the Sabana taxathon organized by Huella Verde-UNED Project of State Distance University, ICODER and Scotiabank, an insect count belonging to the Odonata order, was performed. The capture of the adults was carried out by means of an aerial entomological network, searching on the lagoon shore, in the vegetation and surrounding areas. Adults were placed in a hard-plastic box to be transported alive to the laboratory, where once there they were sacrificed and classified. The information obtained reflected 3 genera and 4 species of Coenagrionidae, as well as 6 genera and 7 species of Libellulidae
Registro de mamíferos silvestres en el Parque Metropolitano La Sabana I Taxatón UNED
The first edition of the Taxathon (rapid ecological inventory) in the La Sabana Metropolitan Park of San José, Costa Rica, aimed to record the largest number of species of flora and fauna in this urban park during two days of sampling. In the case of mammals, two sampling methods were carried out: Trail walks to obtain direct observations and specific sampling methodologies such as trap cameras, Sherman traps, Tomahawk trap and fog nets. In total, 11 individuals corresponding to five species were registered; two corresponded to fruit bats (Artibeus jamaicensi and Sturnira parvidens) and one to a nectar-eating bat (Glossophaga commissarisi). It was also possible to register a hairless fox (Didelphis marsupialis) and four individuals of variable squirrels (Sciurus variegatoides). All of these species are relatively common and were part of the expected results for a study in an urban environment. It is recommended to increase the sampling effort for next editions of the Taxathon (sites, time, people) in order to have a greater possibility of registering more quantity and variety of mammals.
Percepción de paisaje asociado a la laguna del Parque Metropolitano La Sabana, San José, Costa Rica
The perception of the landscape associated with the lagoon of the La Sabana Metropolitan Park was studied through fieldwork in November 2017. The perception of the landscape was determined using the methodology of Meza and Rodríguez (2017), which consists of an interview supplemented with observations. and note taking. The objective was to determine the user's perception of the environment, to complement data that decision makers can apply in the management of the Park. People manage to identify different elements within the landscape in a very personal association with what they value as important based on their senses. It was determined that the anthropic elements are the most perceived, followed by the associations that people generate (perceptual components) followed bythe natural components, highlighting the vegetation..
La comunicación e interacción en la mediación pedagógica de los entornos virtuales de aprendizaje
Mediation, especially in distance education, is generated by reconstructing the knowledge scheme from teacher-student interaction and communication, facilitating closeness, trust and building the autonomy of the student. It implies knowledge through language and the ability to use it, in addition, it is strengthened through social experience, motivations and according to needs. The objective of this research was to determine the importance of communication as an element of pedagogical mediation for continuous improvement. This research was developed under a quantitative approach with a non-experimental, descriptive cross-sectional design. A questionnaire with 17 questions was applied, using the virtual tool Google Forms®, with the Likert measurement scale, where the degree of agreement or disagreement about the importance of communication was measured. There was a study population of 57 people, it was applied in two courses of the Sustainable Production Department, one group being High School students and another being Bachelor's students. As important results, they mention that the resources are available at all times and that they are accessed simply and quickly. The importance of empathy and motivation was reflected, which must occur in virtual environments in an intentional and assertive manner. Communication is relevant to students because it reconstructs schemes based on interaction in its different dimensions, generating closeness, motivation, autonomy, strengthening interpersonal relationships and favoring collaborative learning, among others.
Desarrollo de una actividad experimental de análisis de textura en alimentos mediante un laboratorio remoto en la asignatura Manejo Postcosecha
This work presents in a systematic and descriptive way a practice of texture analysis of fruits and vegetables using a texture analyzer, through a remote laboratory, whose environment allowed students to carry out several activities typical of the experimental test: configuration of the equipment and material analysis, experimental analysis process, obtaining experimental data. The methodology included the design and application of a questionnaire supported by Likert scale statements to measure the perception of learning theoretical-practical knowledge of texture analysis, which was applied to a sample of seven students from the Postharvest Management course of the chair of Agroindustry, State Distance University, the usability of the remote laboratory was determined in terms of access and ease or difficulty of use. The results show a positive response towards the learning and use of the remote laboratory by the students. And as an opportunity to improve the experimental trial, the provision of additional complementary material that supports the resources of the remote laboratory environment is proposed.
Mediación pedagógica en la UNED. Evolución del concepto y cambios en la carrera Enseñanza de la Matemática
This paper addresses the concept of pedagogical mediation, its definition is provided, its characteristics are described and a theoretical foundation is presented that includes assertive communication, meaningful learning, cognitive psychology, and didactic transposition. This section details the importance of the educational act being centered on the student, that the student be the builder of his or her own learning and that the communication of ideas by the teacher is honest. Next, the process that a degree at UNED follows prior to its offer is described in a general way. This is important, because components that affect pedagogical mediation are defined, such as curricular, psychological, sociological and anthropological foundations. Some important aspects of pedagogical mediation in the Mathematics Teaching career are also analyzed, focusing on three moments: when pedagogical mediation focused mostly on printed material, later, the inclusion of multimedia and finally online learning. Finally, it is concluded that pedagogical mediation has always been focused on the student, with aspects that evolved in each of the periods, where the effort of all academic and administrative staff to seek continuous improvement stands out
Critical thinking and reflection as a teaching-learning strategy in virtual environments
Critical thinking and reflection as a teaching-learning strategy in virtual environments in distance and virtual education promote flexibility, transformation, and the ability to interpret, analyze and explain in students, among other skills. The established objective was to ensure that students take ownership of their learning process and assign meaning through actions that allow them to capture their own knowledge and analyze their situation with respect to the topic under study. This research was developed under a qualitative approach, through observation, in-depth study and description of a phenomenon related to pedagogical mediation in the subjects of the Sustainable Production course, starting in 2022. It consisted of the incorporation of two activities where the student must respond, without having to search for theoretical references, what is requested, in one or two paragraphs. As a main result, it was observed that there was a difficulty on the part of the students to capture what they know and to synthesize. As the activities progressed, with the guidance and monitoring of the professor, an improvement was evident in the answers provided. Progress was best visualized after the second and third subjects taken in the study plan. Finally, the need to continue reinforcing the pedagogical mediation processes was identified, in order for it to be more expressive, experiential, reflective and to generate autonomy and self-regulation in learning in the student.
Integración de las TICs en el perfil profesional: la experiencia de la Carrera de Sistemas de Información en Salud
The objective of this article is to present the relationship between the trends in ICTs applied to the field of health sciences and the new Health Information Systems career, based on the updating of the professional profile and the design of the new curriculum that integrates key skills and abilities for the training of professionals. The methodology is based on an exploratory study carried out on a probabilistic sample of active students and graduates of the Health Records and Statistics course (REDES) to whom a digital questionnaire was applied between 2021 and 2022. The responses to the questionnaires made it possible to construct a demographic profile of the students, job characteristics and assessment of the skills and abilities acquired for the administration of Health Information Systems, among others. It is concluded that REDES is characterized by having a young and highly feminized student body, located mainly in areas far from the Greater Metropolitan Area (GAM) and that most of them are still trying to find a job niche, although the horizon of employability continues to be dominated by public institutions and the existing opportunities in the private sector are unknown, it is expected that with the transition to the new career, the gap identified in the area of ICTs will decrease.
Pruebas escritas virtuales: experiencia de la Cátedra de Matemáticas Aplicadas en su implementación
This work presents the experience of the Chair of Applied Mathematics, of the Mathematics Program, regarding the application of written tests virtually; where the application of monitored written tests has been implemented, during the years 2021 and 2022, using the Zoom tool. This has led the Chair to acquire a series of experiences in the development of ordinary written tests virtually and at the same time it has faced different challenges in relation to the evaluation of learning in the subjects that are coordinated. Next, the systematization of the evaluation process and an assessment of the successes, points for improvement and challenges are presented. In addition, it presents the different actions that have been developed in order to provide an adequate environment for the student, but at the same time offer reliability in the learning evaluation process. Therefore, this work aims to assess the impact of the application of this methodology, seeking the socialization of the experience and offering the academy an opportunity to establish evaluations that comply with the pillars of education, adapting to the needs and characteristics of the Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED). Finally, an analysis is carried out as a conclusion and recommendations are offered for a possible application in other chairs, specific cases of eventualities that have arisen and how they have been resolved or how they have been attended to are shared
Mediación pedagógica en entornos virtuales para el logro de resultados de aprendizaje en la asignatura de Fisiología Humana y Comparada
The subject of Human and Comparative Physiology belongs to the Natural Sciences Teaching program of the State Distance University. According to its curricular description, it is offered under the virtual modality, using different virtual environments where the information, content and mediation activities necessary to achieve the learning results are developed. Pedagogical mediation focuses on the fulfillment of learning outcomes and guaranteeing the inclusion of the transversal axes in formative and summative activities of the course. The objective of the article is to determine the achievement obtained by students with respect to the learning results established in the curricular design, based on the mediation carried out in virtual environments. For this purpose, the teaching strategies implemented in the second quarter of 2022 were analyzed qualitatively and the level of achievement in the evaluation instruments presented by the 52 enrolled students along with the pedagogical strategies implemented was quantitatively analyzed. The results obtained demonstrate that an active, collaborative and formative evaluation is necessary to achieve the development of learning results. It is concluded that pedagogical mediation in virtual environments must be planned, using evaluation instruments appropriate to the needs, enhancing formative evaluation, with the support of the teacher as a facilitator for the achievement of learning results by the student body
Presentaciones interactivas con GeoGebra
GeoGebra is an open-source mathematical software that offers educators the possibility to create attractive educational materials to facilitate the understanding of complex mathematical concepts. The objective of this workshop is to train participants in the use of GeoGebra as a tool for creating interactive presentations that combine graphical, numerical, algebraic, and other elements; these elements allow the inclusion of developed exercises and theory, among other resources that enrich educational resources in the context of distance education. In this workshop, an expository methodology is used, which provides active participation from the workshop participants. The facilitator presents and explains the most relevant tools, such as sliders, which allow you to create a navigation bar, Boolean conditions, and check boxes to show or hide objects, among other outstanding features of GeoGebra. The workshop is framed under the thematic axis Pedagogical mediation in educational resources for a distance education model and intends that the participant develop a material for the approach to the thematic content: systems of linear equations with two unknowns. The material developed allows for mediation of said content, providing students with the opportunity to reinforce mathematical concepts effectively. As a result, participants will have achieved not only a dynamic presentation, but also a methodology for the effective use of GeoGebra in distance pedagogical mediation
Mediación pedagógica para la integración de tecnologías geoespaciales en la Cátedra de Sistemas de Información Geográfica
This paper is an approach to the role of university education with geospatial information technologies, following a position in line with the Integrated Geographic Information Framework, IGIF, which seeks to generate societies link to the management and use of geographic information. The infrastructures or contours of geospatial information provide the appropriation of knowledge that leads to spatial analysis, the training and education strategy defined by the IGIF and establishes criteria for the preparation and awareness of society. The Geographic Information Systems Department of UNED uses a series of resources in its pedagogical mediation to prepare the integration of different alternatives, under a process that is related to positions in accordance with the integrated framework. The object of study consists of analyzing some ways for learning, based on experiences that have been interacting within the university institution. The availability and guarantee of geographic information through a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) represents a way to contribute to the evolution of the information and knowledge society; it is implicitly mentioned that education will play a fundamental role in achieving to different public and private spheres, and to society in general. Education plays the role of facilitating the use and ensuring that it coincides with better territories, based on the interdisciplinary understanding that can favor all
La evaluación de contenidos teóricos en asignaturas de física mediante las actividades experimentales
Students of leveling subjects of physics without experimental component, have disadvantaged in their evaluation for not possessing the support of the understanding of phenomena with the help of experimentation. Due to their characteristics of accessibility, repeatability and contextualization, can the remote laboratories complement the evaluation of the contents for this situation by means of Experimental Activities? Objective: Validate the use of experimental activities as a complement in the evaluation of leveling courses without experimental component. Methods: A statistical-descriptive analysis is performed, using the SPSS program and a Likert scale, of the opinion collected from a total of 52 students regarding the Experimental Activity: Movement on an inclined plane, using the LR The Rolling Car from LabsLand network. Results: a mean and mode of 4.5 and 5 respectively, in Likert scale, are obtained to questions related to usability, satisfaction and perception of learning by students, in addition to the fact that, 64.7% of the students surveyed, have never used experimental resources in theoretical subjects. Conclusions: The experimental activity carried out presents positive results in acceptance and appropriation by the students surveyed, where characteristics of the LR such as their repeatability and realization of the practice at any time, are extremely important for obtaining these results.
Uso de herramientas tecnológicas para la mediación pedagógica en prácticas de laboratorio de Eléctrica y Electrónica
: This article shares the preliminary experiences of incorporating new pedagogical mediation resources created to allow students to carry out remote laboratory practices in subjects related to electricity and electronics. Learning through experiments has proven to be highly motivating and effective for students, allowing them to compare reality with simulations and acquire practical skills and socio-emotional competencies. Distance education, with its flexibility and use of information and communication technologies, has expanded access to education and gives students the possibility of adapting their study schedules to their personal and professional responsibilities. This learning process is strengthened thanks to pedagogical mediation, which guides students in the planning, execution and analysis of experiments, thus ensuring an enriching and meaningful learning experience. The results of these technological tools are preliminary for the Bachelor's Degree in Telecommunications Engineering program; However, it has been shown that students are capable of assembling circuits for the development of laboratory practices from their homes, complementing the learning objectives of the subjects with more evaluative activities, promoting theoretical understanding and fostering practical and cognitive skills
Propuesta de una metodología para las video tutorías de física en la UNED, Costa Rica
ABSTRACT: This presentation is about video tutorials in physics and the importance of establishing a methodology that contributes to the learning of this discipline. This implies that the teaching team understands not only how the student learns physics, but also which learning strategies the students require for the synchronous video tutoring sessions. To systematize this experience, a questionnaire was applied to 51 students to know their perception about a) the methodology that their physics teachers were using, b) the reasons for not participating synchronously and c) the reasons they consider most likely for not participating. speaking or using chat during video tutorials. Based on the questionnaire applied and the recommendations of a tutor highlighted by the students' feedback, a methodology proposal was designed to implement video tutoring in physics (theory) subjects. This proposal was validated with the teaching team of the Physics Department through a focus group. Among the main results, the need to plan each of the video tutorials that are implemented in physics subjects stands out, the importance of the learning environment, the appropriate use of time during the development of the video tutorials, as well as the approach of problems of increasing difficulty.