TY - JOUR AU - Bonilla Villalobos, Verónica PY - 2019/06/17 Y2 - 2024/03/29 TI - Effects of agriculture and livestock activity on the composition and structure of woody vegetation in a premontane wet forest, dry transition JF - UNED Research Journal JA - URJ VL - 11 IS - 2 SE - Articles DO - 10.22458/urj.v11i2.2293 UR - https://revistas.uned.ac.cr/index.php/cuadernos/article/view/2293 SP - 24-37 AB - <p><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Long term vegetation&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">studies</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;of Costa Rica</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">n</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;premontane humid forest</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">s</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;(transition to dry forest)&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">are scarce.&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Objective:</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">to</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;compare a protected and a&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">degraded</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;forest</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">.&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Methods:</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">b</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">etween 2015 and 2016 (ten months)</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">,</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;I analyzed w</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">oody vegetation structure and composition&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">in</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;Bosque&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Andrómeda</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;(site N°</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">1: 305 individuals, 29 families and 51 species</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">) and Los Llanos de la Garita</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;(site&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">N°2:</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;76 individuals, 16 families and 18 species). I measured DAP&gt;10cm in</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;20 plots&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">per site (</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">500m</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" data-fontsize="10">2 </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">each</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">).&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Results:</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">t</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">he most abundant species were </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Guazuma</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">ulmiforia</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Anacardium</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">excelsum</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0"> and </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Calycophyllum</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">candidissimum</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0"> in Andromeda</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;and </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Enterolobium</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">cyclocarpum</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Bursera</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">simaruba</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0"> and </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Andira</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">inermis</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0"> in Los Llanos. The most frequent species in </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Andrómeda</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">were </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Guazuma</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">ulmiforia</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">, </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Anacardium</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">excelsum</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0"> and </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Cedrela</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">odorata</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">and, in Los Llanos,</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Enterolobium</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">cyclocarpum</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Bursera</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">simaruba</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">and </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Tabebuia</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">rosea</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">. The dominant species in Andromeda were </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Cedrela</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">odorata</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">; </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Pseudobombax</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">septenatum</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0"> and </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Enterolobium</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">cyclocarpum</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0"> and</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">,</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;in Los Llanos</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">,</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Enterolobium</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">cyclocarpum</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Ficus</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0"> spp. and </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Guazuma</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">ulmifolia</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">. The d</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">iversity in Andromeda was (H) 3</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">,22</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;and in Los Llanos 2,</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">50; dominance (</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">DSi</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">) in Androm</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">eda is 0,95 and in Los Llanos 0,</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">89; </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="none"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">evenness</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">(J') of 0,85 in Andromeda and 0,</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">87 in Lo</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">s Llanos. Bray</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">- Curtis&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">dissimilarity was&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">0</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">,</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">81</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Jaccard</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;s</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">pecies 0,</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">89. The nonparametric estimators (ACE, Chao 1, Chao 2, Jackknife 1,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Bootstrap</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">) in Los Llanos showed a richness value of 20 to 28 species and in&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Andrómeda</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;of 59 to 111.&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">Conclusion</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">:</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">t</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">he horizontal structure is different, but the similar&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">floristic composition</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">s</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;between sites</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;should</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;facilitate&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">future ecological restoration.</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW13239218 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW13239218 BCX0" data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:280,&quot;335559739&quot;:280,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}">&nbsp;</span></p> ER -