@article{Velasco Barbieri_2020, title={Individual identification of Crocodylus intermedius (Orinoco crocodile) using tail spot patterns}, volume={12}, url={https://revistas.uned.ac.cr/index.php/cuadernos/article/view/3140}, DOI={10.22458/urj.v12i2.3140}, abstractNote={<p><span class="TextRun MacChromeBold SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">Introduction:</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">The Conservation Action Plan of the Orinoco </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">crocodile </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">(</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 SCXW69832201 BCX0">Crocodylus</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0"> intermedius</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">) </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">includes in </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">its activities the release </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">of</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0"> captive-bred specimens</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0"> back into the wild. By </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">monitoring these specimens in their natural habitat their adaptability is assessed</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">. However, </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">an </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">accurate </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">identification system is necessary to recognize the individuals when they are recaptured.</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0"> </span></span><span class="TextRun MacChromeBold SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 SCXW69832201 BCX0">Objetive</span></span><span class="TextRun MacChromeBold SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">:</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0"> Determinate if </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">Swanepoel</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0"> or Boucher </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">et al.</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0"> for crocodile identification</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">for </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">the </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">Orinoco </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">crocodile</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0"> is </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">useful</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">. </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0"> </span></span><span class="TextRun MacChromeBold SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">Methods:</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">A total of </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">543 Orinoco </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">crocodile</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">s</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0"> were photographed </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">and each photo was </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">vectorized</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0"> by drawing dark spots greater than 25% </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">for </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">each </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">sc</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">ute</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">, in the first 10 lines of double caudal scales of the tail on the right side</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">. Two </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">system </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">codes</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0"> were </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">evaluated</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">, one </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">is a numeric code described by </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">Swanepoel</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0"> and the other is an additive code described by Boucher </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">et al.</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0"> </span></span><span class="TextRun MacChromeBold SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">Results:</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">A total of</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0"> 464 </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">Swanepoel</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0"> codes and 537 Boucher </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">et al.</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0"> codes based on the dark spot pattern of the scales on the right side of the tails</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0"> were generated for the 543 specimens</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">. Both methods yielded high code values, however, the one developed by Boucher </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">et al.</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">, with a 98.90% differentiation of the analyzed specimens, worked better.</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0"> </span></span><span class="TextRun MacChromeBold SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">Conclusion:</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">The study confirms that using the method of spots in the tail of crocodiles is an effective tool </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">for </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">identifying </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">individual crocodiles</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0" lang="EN" xml:lang="EN" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW69832201 BCX0">.</span></span></p>}, number={2}, journal={UNED Research Journal}, author={Velasco Barbieri, Alvaro}, year={2020}, month={Oct.}, pages={e3140} }