The genus Procletes Spence Bate, 1888 is a monotypic genus in the family Pandalidae Haworth, 1825. It contains only the single species Procletes levicarina, also known as carid prawn or Pandalid shrimp. P. levicarina was originally described as Dorodotes levicarina by Bate, 1888 on the basis of two male specimens, from the Arafura Sea, West of Torres Strait and South of Papua collected by H.M.S Challenger during the years 1873-76. The genus is distinguished from the other genera of Pandalid family by the presence of longitudinal carina on the lateral surface of the carapace and postrostral carina extends nearly to the posterior margin of carapace (Kim, Choi, Oh, Choi, & Lee, 2011). In a previous study we reported total 37 species of prawn and shrimps belonging to 16 genera and 6 families from Gujarat (Trivedi, Trivedi, Soni, Purohit, & Vachhrajani, 2015; Purohit & Vachhrajani, 2017). In the present study, P. levicarina is first time reported from Gujarat state which is the only species representing the Pandalid shrimp fauna of Gujarat.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The specimens were collected from the trawl catch Subhashnagar, Porbandar (Fig. 1) during the survey of shrimp fauna of Gujarat. All the specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol and brought to the laboratory. At the laboratory, morphological characters of the shrimp were photographed using stereo-microscope equipped with micro-cam and morphometric parameters were measured using vernier caliper (0,01mm accuracy). The taxonomy was confirmed to species level using various keys and references (Bate, 1888; Chace, 1985; Kim, Choi, Oh, Choi, & Lee, 2011). Specimens were deposited in the museum of Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara assigning a code (ZL-AR-PR-23). The following abbreviations are used: TL, Total length; CL, carapace length; mm, millimeter; Ovig., ovigerous.
Procletes levicarina (Spence Bate, 1888) (Fig. 2)
Suborder Pleocyemata Burkenroad, 1963
Infraorder Caridea Dana, 1852
Superfamily Pandaloidea Haworth, 1825
Family Pandalidae Haworth, 1825
Genus Procletes Spence Bate, 1888
Synonymus
Dorodotes levicarina Bate, 1888: 680
Heterocarpus (Heterocarpoides) levicarina – De Man, 1920: 110, 178, pl. 15, fig. 44-44f.
Heterocarpoides levicarina – Calman, 1939: 207; Liu, 1963: 231; Chace, 1985: 16, figs. 11, 12.
Heterocarpus (Heterocapoides [sic]) glabrus Zarenkov, 1971: 193, fig. 4 (16-27).
Heterocarpus (Procletes) levicarina – Menon, 1972: 382-390.
Procletes levicarina – Holthuis, 1993: 278, fig. 277; Miyake, 1998: 187; Li and Komai, 2003: 271.
Materials examined: Three ovig. female (TL- 43,60mm, CL-22,09mm; TL-53,36mm, CL-22,09mm; TL-55,33mm, CL-22,75mm), trawl catch at 27m depth, Subhashagar (21°38’39”N, 69°35’28”E), Porbandar, March 2016, collected by Barkha Purohit.
Description: Rostrum smooth, 0,8 times as long as carapace, overreaching antennal scale, somewhat upward distally; armed dorsally with eleven-thirteen. teeth, including four-five teeth on posterior margin to level of orbital margin of carapace, posteriormost tooth with distinct basal suture; ventral margin with five teeth; carapace carinated dorsally nearly posterior margin; posterior end of dorsomedian carina bears small papilla; strong antennal and branchiostegal spines present; distinct lateral carinae present; eye with papilla on ventromedian surface of eyestalk proximal to cornea; antennular peduncle reaching up to half of antennal scale; stylocerite acute, basal segment overreaching; antennal scale with distolateral tooth overreaching distal margin of blade; third maxilliped with epipod and exopod; dorsomedian carina present on all abdomen somites; third to fifth abdominal somites with strong posteromedian spine; a small postero-ventral spine present on fourth to sixth abdominal pleura; tergum of fourth and fifth abdominal somites with numerous tegumental scales; epiopod present on first to fourth pereiopods; both second pereiopod similar and subequal, carpus subdivide into six segments; dactylus of third pereiopod about 2/5 times as long as propodus; carpus armed with two sharp spines, merus with 11 small spines, one small spine present on ischium; fourth pereiopod more slender than third pereiopod, carpus with one small spine, merus with 10-11 small spines, ischium with one small spines; fifth pereiopod more slender than fourth pereiopod, carpus with one small spine, merus armed with six small spines, ischium without spine; appendix interna of second pleopod distally broad; telson 3,3 times longer than interior width, four pairs of small dorsolateral spines present, posterior pair superimposed above bases of lateral pair of posterior spines, posterior part acutely triangular, with pair of long, stout, lateral spines and median pair of neighboring spines covered under triangular margin.
Distribution: This species is previously reported from Indo-West pacific, Red Sea to Indonesia and Japan, South China Sea, Philippines, (Lalitha, 1980; Li & Komai, 2003); Australia (Poore, McCallum, & Taylor, 2008; McCallum, 2011), and Korea (Kim et al., 2011). In India the species is reported only from Andhra Pradesh, Bay of Bengal (Lalitha, 1980; Shanis, Akhilesh, Manjebrayakath, Ganga, & Pillai, 2012) and now from Gujarat.
Remarks: The specimens agree well with the description and illustration provided by Chace (1985) and Kim et al. (2011). The specimen examined in the present study bears six spines on merus of fifth pereiopod whereas the Korean specimens examined by Kim et al. (2011) have seven-eight spines. The color pattern of specimens examined in the present study also showed similarity with Lalitha (1980) and Kim et al. (2011).
Ethical, conflict of interest and financial statements: the authors declare that they have fully complied with all pertinent ethical and legal requirements, both during the study and in the production of the manuscript; that there are no conflicts of interest of any kind; that all financial sources are fully and clearly stated in the acknowledgements section; and that they fully agree with the final edited version of the article. A signed document has been filed in the journal archives.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors are thankful to Tin-Yam Chan (National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan) for valuable comments on the identification of the species. The first author is thankful to University Grant Commission for providing fund under the UGC-BSR Fellowship.
REFERENCES
Bate, C. S. (1888). Report on the Crustacea Macrura dredged by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1872–76. In: Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76. Zoology, 24(52), 1-942.
Chace Jr., F. A. (1985). The caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907-1910, Part 3: Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae. Smithsonian contributions to zoology, 411, 1-143. DOI:10.5479/si.00810282.411
Kim, J. N., Choi, J. H., Oh, T. Y., Choi, K. H., & Lee, D. W. (2011). A New Record of Pandalid Shrimp Procletes levicarina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) from Korean Waters. Fisheries and aquatic sciences, 14(4), 399-401. DOI:10.5657/FAS.2011.0399
Lalitha, D. S. (1980). Notes on three caridean prawns from Kakinada. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 22 (1&2), 169-173.
Li, X., & Komai, T. (2003). Pandaloid shrimps from the northern South China Sea, with description of a new species of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 51, 257-275.
McCallum,A. W. (2011). Decapod crustacean diversity along Australia’s western continental margin (PhD thesis). Science - Zoology, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
Poore, G. C. B., McCallum, A. W., & Taylor, J. (2008). Decapod Crustacea of the continental margin of southwestern and central Western Australia: preliminary identifications of 524 species from FRV Southern Surveyor voyage SS10-2005. Museum Victoria Science Reports, 11, 1-106. DOI:10.24199/j.mvsr.2008.11
Purohit, B., & Vachhrajani, K. D. (2017). New records of prawns and shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) from Gujarat coast, India. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 5, 405-411.
Shanis, C. P. R., Akhilesh, K. V., Manjebrayakath, H., Ganga, U., & Pillai, N. G. K. (2012). Shrimps of the family Pandalidae (Caridea) from Indian waters, with new distributional record of Plesionika adensameri (Balss, 1914). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 54(1), 45-49.
Trivedi, D. J., Trivedi, J. N., Soni, G. M., Purohit, B. D., & Vachhrajani, K. D. (2015). Crustacean fauna of Gujarat state of India: A review. Electronic Journal of Environmental Sciences, 8, 23-31.
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